| Crude odds ratio (OR) | Adjusted OR (aOR)& (n = 810)&& | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | |
Age | ||||
 Under 65 | Reference Category | Reference Category | ||
 65 to 79 | 3.71 (2.18–6.30) | < 0.0001 | 2.82 (1.57–5.06) | 0.0005 |
 ≥ 80 | 5.79 (3.35–9.98) | < 0.0001 | 3.87 (2.07–7.26) | < 0.0001 |
Sex (female) | Reference Category | Reference Category | ||
 Male | 0.98 (0.68–1.40) | 0.91 | 1.20 (0.81–1.79) | 0.37 |
Smoking status (never) | Reference Category | Reference Category | ||
 Ex-smokers | 1.38 (0.95–2.02) | 0.09 | 1.08 (0.71–1.63) | 0.73 |
 Current smokers | 0.92 (0.45–1.90) | 0.83 | 1.05 (0.47–2.33) | 0.90 |
Elevated CRP (≥ 40) | 0.65 (0.45–0.94) | 0.022 | 0.73 (0.49–1.09) | 0.12 |
Patients with diabetes | 1.12 (0.75–1.69) | 0.57 | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) | 0.97 |
Patients with CAD | 0.82 (0.51–1.31) | 0.41 | 0.49 (0.29–0.82) | 0.007 |
Patients with hypertension | ||||
 Yes (not on treatment) | 0.82 (0.43–1.59) | 0.56 | 0.65 (0.32–1.32) | 0.23 |
 Yes and on treatment | 1.12 (0.77–1.63) | 0.57 | 0.98 (0.64–1.50) | 0.94 |
Patients with reduced renal function (eGFR < 60) | 1.39 (0.95–2.03) | 0.09 | 1.03 (0.67–1.58) | 0.90 |
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS 1 to 3) | Reference Category | Reference Category | ||
 CFS 4 | 2.71 (1.38–5.34) | 0.004 | 1.99 (0.97–4.11) | 0.062 |
 CFS 5 | 5.63 (3.08–10.27) | < 0.0001 | 3.77 (1.94–7.32) |  0.0001 |
 CFS 6 | 5.90 (3.24–10.75) | < 0.0001 | 4.04 (2.09–7.82) | < 0.0001 |
 CFS 7 | 3.50 (1.90–6.47) | < 0.0001 | 2.16 (1.12–4.20) | 0.022 |
 CFS 8 | 4.30 (1.53–12.09) | 0.006 | 3.19 (1.06–9.56) | 0.039 |
 CFS 9&&& |  |  |  |  |