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Table 3 Increased care at discharge of patients hospitalised with COVID-19

From: Increased care at discharge from COVID-19: The association between pre-admission frailty and increased care needs after hospital discharge; a multicentre European observational cohort study

 

Crude odds ratio (OR)

Adjusted OR (aOR)& (n = 810)&&

OR (95%CI)

p value

aOR (95%CI)

p value

Age

 Under 65

Reference Category

Reference Category

 65 to 79

3.71 (2.18–6.30)

< 0.0001

2.82 (1.57–5.06)

0.0005

 ≥ 80

5.79 (3.35–9.98)

< 0.0001

3.87 (2.07–7.26)

< 0.0001

Sex (female)

Reference Category

Reference Category

 Male

0.98 (0.68–1.40)

0.91

1.20 (0.81–1.79)

0.37

Smoking status (never)

Reference Category

Reference Category

 Ex-smokers

1.38 (0.95–2.02)

0.09

1.08 (0.71–1.63)

0.73

 Current smokers

0.92 (0.45–1.90)

0.83

1.05 (0.47–2.33)

0.90

Elevated CRP (≥ 40)

0.65 (0.45–0.94)

0.022

0.73 (0.49–1.09)

0.12

Patients with diabetes

1.12 (0.75–1.69)

0.57

0.99 (0.63–1.55)

0.97

Patients with CAD

0.82 (0.51–1.31)

0.41

0.49 (0.29–0.82)

0.007

Patients with hypertension

 Yes (not on treatment)

0.82 (0.43–1.59)

0.56

0.65 (0.32–1.32)

0.23

 Yes and on treatment

1.12 (0.77–1.63)

0.57

0.98 (0.64–1.50)

0.94

Patients with reduced renal function (eGFR < 60)

1.39 (0.95–2.03)

0.09

1.03 (0.67–1.58)

0.90

Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS 1 to 3)

Reference Category

Reference Category

 CFS 4

2.71 (1.38–5.34)

0.004

1.99 (0.97–4.11)

0.062

 CFS 5

5.63 (3.08–10.27)

< 0.0001

3.77 (1.94–7.32)

 0.0001

 CFS 6

5.90 (3.24–10.75)

< 0.0001

4.04 (2.09–7.82)

< 0.0001

 CFS 7

3.50 (1.90–6.47)

< 0.0001

2.16 (1.12–4.20)

0.022

 CFS 8

4.30 (1.53–12.09)

0.006

3.19 (1.06–9.56)

0.039

 CFS 9&&&

    
  1. &The multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was adjusted for age group, sex, smoking, CRP, diabetes, CAD, hypertension, renal function, care level of admission, and the Clinical Frailty Scale
  2. &&Twenty-one observations were excluded due to having missing covariate data
  3. &&&The four patients that were terminally ill (CFS=9) were not included due to the low number of cases