Table 2 Participants’ characteristics
|  | Overall, n = 227 | Original 2003 Rotterdam criteria | Updated 2018 adolescent Rotterdam criteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Original non-PCOS, n = 161 (70.93%) | Original PCOS, n = 66 (29.07%) | p value | Updated non-PCOS, n = 190 (83.70%) | Updated PCOS, n = 37 (16.30%) | p value | ||
Diagnostic criterion, n (%) | |||||||
 OA | 117 (51.54) | 60 (37.27) | 57 (86.36) | < 0.001 | 80 (42.11) | 37 (100.00) | < 0.001 |
 HA | 60 (28.30) | 14 (9.40) | 46 (73.02) | < 0.001 | 23 (13.14) | 37 (100.00) | < 0.001 |
 PCOM | 78 (35.29) | 29 (18.35) | 49 (77.78) | < 0.001 | 58 (31.02) | 20 (58.82) | < 0.001 |
Free testosterone level (mean ± SD) | 20.61 ± 13.33 | 16.42 ± 7.65 | 30.37 ± 17.94 | < 0.001 | 17.00 ± 8.76 | 37.77 ± 17.52 | < 0.001 |
Ferriman-Gallwey score (median, IQR) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 2) | 0.863 | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 4) | 0.7352 |
Age of menarche (mean ± SD) | 12.38 ± 1.09 | 12.45 ± 1.08 | 12.21 ± 1.12 | 0.131 | 12.44 ± 1.07 | 12.11 ± 1.17 | 0.094 |
Anthropometric characteristics | |||||||
 Birth measurements (mean ± SD) | |||||||
  Birth length (cm) | 48.54 ± 2.85 | 48.51 ± 2.87 | 48.62 ± 2.83 | 0.801 | 48.58 ± 2.79 | 48.31 ± 3.19 | 0.592 |
  Birth weight (g) | 3281.17 ± 600.40 | 3287.24 ± 590.66 | 3266.36 ± 627.90 | 0.813 | 3293.06 ± 586.96 | 3220.14 ± 670.58 | 0.500 |
  Birth head circumference (cm) | 34.09 ± 1.87 | 34.13 ± 1.83 | 34.00 ± 1.97 | 0.631 | 34.15 ± 1.79 | 33.76 ± 2.26 | 0.243 |
 BMI categories at age 22, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.066 |  |  | 0.003 |
  Underweight/healthy (< 25 kg/m2) | 113 (49.78) | 88 (54.66) | 25 (37.88) |  | 104 (54.75) | 9 (24.32) |  |
  Overweight (≥ 25 to ≤ 29.9 kg/m2) | 33 (14.54) | 22 (13.66) | 11 (16.67) |  | 26 (13.68) | 7 (18.92) |  |
  Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 81 (35.68) | 51 (31.68) | 30 (45.45) |  | 60 (31.58) | 21 (56.76) |  |
Demographic characteristics | |||||||
 Annual family income at age 14, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.767 |  |  | 0.886 |
  < $16,000 AUD | 8 (3.64) | 7 (4.55) | 1 (1.52) |  | 7 (3.83) | 1 (2.70) |  |
  $16,000–40,000 AUD | 52 (23.64) | 37 (24.03) | 15 (22.73) |  | 43 (23.50) | 9 (24.32) |  |
  $40,000–78,000 AUD | 83 (37.73) | 56 (36.36) | 27 (40.91) |  | 67 (36.61) | 16 (43.34) |  |
  > $78,000 AUD | 77 (35.00) | 54 (35.06) | 23 (34.85) |  | 66 (36.07) | 11 (29.73) |  |
 Personal weekly income at age 22, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.071 |  |  | 0.191 |
  < $116 AUD | 17 (10.56) | 12 (9.84) | 5 (12.82) |  | 15 (10.49) | 2 (11.11) |  |
  $116–604 AUD | 83 (51.55) | 69 (56.56) | 14 (35.90) |  | 77 (53.85) | 6 (33.33) |  |
  > $604 AUD | 61 (37.89) | 41 (33.61) | 20 (51.28) |  | 51 (35.66) | 10 (55.56) |  |
 Education level at age 22, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.169 |  |  | 0.032 |
  ≤ year 12 | 92 (53.80) | 70 (53.85) | 22 (53.66) |  | 80 (52.98) | 12 (60.00) |  |
  College/others | 35 (20.47) | 23 (17.69) | 12 (29.27) |  | 28 (18.54) | 7 (35.00) |  |
  University or above | 44 (25.73) | 37 (28.46) | 7 (17.07) |  | 43 (24.48) | 1 (5.00) |  |
  Employed at age 22, n (%) | 155 (87.57) | 115 (88.46) | 40 (85.11) | 0.550 | 134 (88.16) | 21 (84.00) | 0.559 |
 Relationship status at age 22, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.717 |  |  | 0.781 |
  Single | 61 (35.67) | 47 (36.15) | 14 (34.15) |  | 52 (34.67) | 9 (42.86) |  |
  In a relationship | 106 (61.99) | 79 (60.77) | 27 (65.85) |  | 94 (62.67) | 12 (57.14) |  |
  Married | 4 (2.34) | 4 (3.08) | 0 (0) |  | 4 (2.67) | 0 |  |
Lifestyle characteristics | |||||||
 Smoking at age 22, n (%) | 21 (11.80) | 12 (9.23) | 9 (18.75) | 0.114 | 17 (11.11) | 4 (16.00) | 0.504 |
 Physical activity, median (IQR) | |||||||
  Age 20 (metabolic minutes/week) | 1989 (844, 3960) | 2142 (1050, 4158) | 1492 (452, 3465) | 0.047 | 2079 (990, 4152) | 1710 (231, 2520) | 0.088 |
  Age 22 (metabolic minutes/week) | 2049 (933, 4158) | 2307 (1074, 4236) | 1416 (555, 3141) | 0.045 | 2064 (933, 4158) | 1902 (888, 3702) | 0.746 |
  Calories/day at age 14 (mean ± SD) | 2078 ± 674 | 2044 ± 647 | 2155 ± 731 | 0.277 | 2065 ± 662 | 2145 ± 739 | 0.524 |
Pregnancy/antenatal factors | |||||||
 Maternal antenatal history, n (%) | |||||||
  Gestational diabetes | 6 (2.64) | 5 (3.11%) | 1 (1.52%) | 0.675 | 5 (2.63) | 1 (2.70) | 1.000 |
  Pre-existing diabetes | 5 (2.20) | 4 (2.48%) | 1 (1.52%) | 1.000 | 4 (2.11) | 1 (2.70) | 0.593 |
  Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia | 45 (1.82) | 34 (21.12%) | 11 (16.67%) | 0.445 | 38 (20.00) | 7 (18.92) | 0.880 |
  Pre-term delivery < 37 weeks | 20 (8.97) | 14 (8.92%) | 6 (9.09%) | 0.967 | 15 (8.06) | 5 (13.51) | 0.289 |
  Gestational age at delivery (mean ± SD) | 39.15 ± 2.38 | 39.12 ± 2.28 | 39.23 ± 2.61 | 0.768 | 39.16 ± 2.26 | 39.14 ± 2.96 | 0.957 |