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Table 3 Summary of the risk factors for MRI-defined silent cerebral infarcts in sickle cell disease

From: Silent cerebral infarcts in patients with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Abboud et al. 2011* [19]

Arkuszewski et al. 2014 [20]

Armstrong et al. 1996** [12]

Asbeutah et al. 2014â—‹ [21]

Baldeweg et al. 2006 [22]

Bernaudin et al. 2000Ç‚ [69]

Bernaudin et al. 2011Ç‚ [23]

Bernaudin et al. 2015Ç‚ [58]

de Blank et al. 2010 [24]

Brousse et al. 2017 [25]

Calvet et al. 2017 [27]

DeBaun et al. 2012 [70]

Farina et al. 2012 [60]

Jordan, Kassim et al. 2018 [71]

Jordan, Williams et al. 2018 *** [61]

Kinney et al. 1999 [72]

Kwiatkoswki et al. 2009 [6]

Marouf et al. 2003 â—‹ [67]

Melek et al. 2006 [38]

Miller et al. 2001** [11]

Nottage et al. 2016 [68]

Ogunsile et al. 2018*** [73]

Pegelow et al. 2001* [42]

Pegelow et al. 2002** [10]

Sarnaik et al. 2009*** [74]

Silva et al. 2009 [46]

Solomou et al. 2013 [47]

Strouse et al. 2009 [75]

Tewari et al. 2018 [49]

Van der Land et al. 2016 [52]

Wang et al. 2000*,** [64]

Wang et al. 2008 [55]

Zafeiriou et al. 2004 [57]

Sample size

77

67

194

40

31

133

132

189

254

59

83

814

31

421

54

230

65

35

59

248

50

958

127

415

542

46

24

76

51

34

78

23

21

Demographic factors

 Age

0

0

0

+

0

+

   

0

+

0

 

0

0

0

0

+

+

  

+

+

+

  

0

 

0

0

0

0

0

 Male sex

0

0

0

0

0

 

0

0

   

+

 

0

0

0

0

      

0

+

 

0

 

0

+

0

 

0

Physical findings

 Mean SBP

         

−

+

+

 

0

0

0

    

0

       

+

0

   

 SAO2

       

0

   

+

        

+

   

0

        

 BMI

             

0

 

0

                 

Laboratory findings

 WBC count

0

0

 

0

  

0

0

  

0

0

 

0

 

+

 

0

  

0

   

0

  

0

   

0

 

 ANC

             

0

      

0

       

0

    

 RBC count

 

0

        

0

      

0

               

 MCV

 

0

    

0

−

  

−

      

0

  

+

            

 MCH

          

−

      

0

          

0

    

 PC

0

0

 

0

 

+

0

0

  

0

    

0

 

0

  

0

          

0

 

 ARC

0

0

    

0

0

  

0

  

0

+

0

 

0

  

0

   

0

  

0

0

0

   

 Ht

 

0

−

0

     

−

0

                     

0

 TBIL

0

         

0

    

0

0

           

0

    

 AST

               

0

            

0

    

 LDH

0

  

0

  

0

0

  

0

         

0

      

0

0

0

   

 Hb

0

0

 

0

  

−

−

  

0

−

 

0

−

−

−

0

  

−

−

  

0

  

−

0

0

0

0

0

 HbF%

   

0

  

0

+

  

+

0

   

0

0

0

  

+

   

+

  

0

+

0

 

+

0

 HbS%

0

                                

 Apo A1

                           

+

+

    

 Apo B

                           

0

+

    

Imaging findings

 MTCD

   

0

    

+

       

0

             

0

0

0

 ICS

 

+

     

+

+

    

0

  

+

        

+

   

0

   

 ECS

       

+

     

0

           

+

       

Medical history

 α-thal

0

     

0

0

 

0

     

0

 

0

           

0

   

 G6PD

      

0

0

 

0

                  

0

    

 SEN

                                 

 VOC

       

0

 

−

 

0

   

−

−

       

0

        

 AAE

       

+

       

0

0

                

 ACS

       

0

   

0

   

0

−

       

0

      

0

 

 B19V

                     

+

           

 Seizure

               

+

                

0

 HA

          

0

0

                     

Treatment

 HU

         

0

   

0

0

 

0

         

0

 

0

0

   

 CTx

−

            

0

0

 

0

                
  1. ‘+’ indicates a statistical significant positive association between the risk factor associated and SCI prevalence; ‘−’ indicates a statistical significant negative association between the risk factor associated and SCI prevalence; ‘0’ indicates the risk factor had failed to reach statistical significance; an empty cell indicates the risk factor was not studied
  2. Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, SAO2 oxygen saturation, BMI body mass index, WBC white blood cell, ANC absolute neutrophil count, RBC red blood cell, MCV mean corpuscular volume, MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin, PC platelet count, ARC absolute reticulocyte count, Ht haematocrit, TBIL total bilirubin, AST aspartate aminotransferase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, Hb haemoglobin, HbF foetal haemoglobin, Apo A1 apolipoprotein A1, Apo B apolipoprotein B, MTCD mean transcranial Doppler velocity, ICS intracranial stenosis, ECS extracranial stenosis, α-thal α-thalassemia presence, G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, SEN Senegal β-globin haplotype, VOC vaso-occlusive crisis rate, AAE acute anaemic event, ACS acute chest syndrome rate, B19V parvovirus B19 infection, HA headaches, HU hydroxyurea, CTx transfusion
  3. *Stroke Prevention (STOP) trial
  4. **The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD)
  5. ***Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion (SIT) trial
  6. Ç‚,â—‹As these studies took place at identical clinical sites, an overlap in the study population may exist