Table 2 Diagnostic accuracy of triage tools to predict mortality
Triage tool (mortality risk) | Hospital mortality, % (per triage tool) | Patients meeting triage criteria, % | Key operating characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
Algorithmic | |||
 Machine Learning Algorithm (12-h window) [66] | 9.6 | NR | AUC: 0.75–0.86 Se: 0.80 Sp: 0.75 |
10.9–29.1 | 18.8–27.8 | AUC: 0.816 Se: 0.76 Sp: 0.91 TP (%): 24.6–63.0 FP (%): 27.3–75.4 | |
 OHPIP red | NR | 19.8–43.9 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 65.0–93.7 FN (%): 6.3–35.0 |
 OHPIP yellow | NR | 4.0–11.4 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 41.4–75.0 FN (%): 25–58.6 |
 OHPIP green | NR | 0–65.3 | AUC: NR Se: 0.66 Sp: 0.83 TP (%): 0–4.5 FP (%): 95.5–100 |
Point-based (severity of illness) | |||
 MSOFA > 11 [72] | 10.5 | 4.0 | AUC: 0.84 Se/Sp: NR TP (%): 57.7 FP (%): 42.3 |
 MSOFA 8–11 | NR | 14.6 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 69.1 FN (%): 30.9 |
 qSOFA [66] | 9.6 | NR | AUC: 0.76 Se: 0.95 Sp: 0.37 |
 MEWS [66] | 9.6 | NR | AUC: 0.83 Se: 0.90 Sp: 0.56 |
4.8–20.5 | 5.9–40 | AUC: 0.64–0.85 Se/Sp: NR TP (%): 0–59.0 FP (%): 41–100 | |
 SOFA 8–11 | NR | 12.2–44.0 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 72.2–83.6 FN (%): 16.4–27.8 |
Point-based (epidemic or pandemic) | |||
 CAT ≥ 3 [57] | 6.0 | 18.8 | AUC: 0.65 Se: 0.47 Sp: 0.83 TN (%): 85.2 FN (%): 14.8 |
 CAT < 3 | NR | 81.2 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TP (%): 3.9 FP (%): 96.0 |
6.0–22.6 | 62.8–70.4 | AUC: 0.60–0.66 Se: 0.87 Sp: 0.16 TN (%): 74.0–93.4 FN (%): 6.6–26 | |
4.7–12.3 | NA | AUC: 0.71–0.80 Se/Sp: NR | |
 STSS 0 | NR | 30.6–44.1 | AUC: 0.71 Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 94.7–99.6 FN (%): 0.4–5.3 |
 STSS 1 | NR | 31.7–42.7 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 90.1–96.4 FN (%): 3.6–9.9 |
 STSS 2 | NR | 14.8–23.8 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 70.8–84.6 FN (%): 15.4–29.2 |
 STSS ≥ 3 | NR | 5.9–14.5 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TN (%): 63.8–89.9 FN (%): 11.1–36.2 |
 SwiFT [55] | NR | NR | AUC: 0.77 Se/Sp: NR |
Point-based (sepsis) | |||
10.9–12.0 | NR | AUC: 0.77 Se: 0.85 Sp: 0.40 | |
 MEDS ≤ 5 |  NR | NR | AUC/Se/Sp: NR TP (%): 4.8 FP (%): 95.2 |
Point-based (community acquired pneumonia) | |||
 CAP [57] | 11.7 | NR | AUC: 0.66 Se/Sp: NR |
6.0–31.7 | NR | AUC: 0.65–0.79 Se: 0.97–0.98 Sp: 0.16–0.18 | |
 CURB-65 0–1 (low) |  NR | 36.9–37.6 | AUC: 0.67 Se: 0.94 Sp: 0.17 TP (%): 0–22.1 FP (%): 77.9–100 |
 CURB-65 2 (moderate) |  NR | 18.1 | AUC: 0.64 Se: 0.48–0.73 Sp: 0.50–0.78 TN (%): 66.7–88.3 FN (%):11.7–33.3 |
 CURB-65 ≥ 3 (severe) |  NR | 0.1–4.6 | AUC: 0.54 Se: 0–0.36 Sp: 0.84–0.99 TN (%): 33.3–100 FN (%): 0–66.7 |
 NHAP [60] | NR | NR | AUC: 0.68 Se/Sp: NR |
 PIRO-CAP [69] | 31.7 | NR | AUC: 0.64 Se/Sp: NR |
 PIRO-CAP 0–2 (low) | NR | 27.5 | AUC: NR Sen 0.94–0.96 Sp: 0.07–17.1 TN (%): 86.3 FN (%): 13.7 |
 PIRO-CAP 3 (moderate) | NR | 29.1 | AUC: NR Se: 0.88 Sp: 0.35 TN (%): 67.5 FN (%): 32.5 |
 PIRO-CAP 4 (high) | NR | 25.3 | AUC: NR Se: 0.58 Sp: 0.63 TN (%): 59.7 FN (%):40.3 |
 PIRO-CAP ≥ 5 (very high) | NR | 18.1 | AUC: NR Se: 0.01–0.26 Sp: 0.86–0.99 TN (%): 54.2 FN (%): 45.8 |
12.0–31.7 | 41.9–64.0 | AUC: 0.73–0.78 Se: 46.4–92.9 Sp: 35.4–80.1 TP (%): 13.5–17.4 FP (%): 82.6–86.5 TN (%): 55.2–97.7 FN (%): 2.3–44.8 | |
 PSI ≤ 87 (high) | NR | NR | AUC: NR Se: 93 Sp: 39 |
NR | NR | AUC: 0.69 Se/Sp: NR | |
 SMRT-CO(P) 0–2 (low) | 11.7 | 11–39 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR |
 SMRT-CO(P) 3 (moderate) |  NR | 17 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR |
 SMRT-CO(P) ≥ 4 (high) |  NR | 11 | AUC/Se/Sp: NR |