Table 4 Quality analysis of included articles

Adalja (2013) [77]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Adeniji and Cusack (2011)

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Include

Ardagh (2006) [101]

JBI-text & opinion

3/6 (50.0)

Include

Ashton-Cleary (2011) [40]

JBI-cross-sectional

6/8 (75.0)

Include

Azoulay (2020) [44]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Barie (2020) [124]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Brandao-Neto [125]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)*

Include

Challen (2007)

JBI-cohort

8/11 (72.7)

Include

Cheung (2012)-MJA [39]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Cheung (2012)-Crit Care Resusc [48]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Cheung (2017) [94, 95]

JBI-cross-sectional

6/8 (75.0)

Include

Christian (2006) [28]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Christian (2009) [79]

JBI-cohort

8/11 (72.7)

Include

Christian (2010) [85]

Delphi process

5/11 (45.5)

Include

Christian (2014) [11]

Delphi process

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Cinti (2009) [86]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Commons and Denholm (2012) [67]

JBI-diagnostic test accuracy

5/10 (50.0)

Include

Daugherty Biddison (2014)-CHEST [88]

Delphi process

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Daugherty Biddison (2014)-Annals ATS [87]

JBI-qualitative

JBI-quasi-experimental

6/10 (60.0)

5/9 (55.6)*

Include

Daugherty Biddison (2018) [98]

JBI-qualitative

JBI-quasi-experimental

8/10 (80.0)

5/9 (55.6)*

Include

Daugherty Biddison (2019) [58]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Devereaux (2008) [89]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Dries (2014) [96]

Delphi process

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Eastman (2010) [90]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Ehmann (2020) [31]

JBI-text & opinion

 6/6 (100)

 Include

Einav (2014) [91]

Delphi process

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Emanuel [10]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Enfield (2011) [70]

JBI-cohort

6/11 (54.5)

Seek further info (conference abstract)

Estella (2012) [68]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Farrell (2020) [81]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Frolic (2009) [36]

AGREE Reporting Checklist

14/23 (60.9)

Include

Grissom (2010) [72]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Guest (2009) [78]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Include

Gupta (2020) [51]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Han (2020) [35]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Herreros (2020) [45]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Hick (2006) [43]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Ibrahim (2020) [65]

No critical appraisal for development of intelligence dashboard

Not applicable

Include

Janig (2020) [30]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Kanter (2015) [27]

No critical appraisal for modeling data

Not applicable

Include

Kaposy (2010) [34]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Khan (2009) [73]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Include

Leclerc (2020) [42]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Lin and Anderson-Shaw (2009) [23]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Marckmann (2020) [46]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Marriott (2012) [41]

JBI-cohort

6/11 (54.5)

Seek further info (conference abstract)

Miller (2010) [74]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Seek further info (conference abstract)

Montgomery (2020) [52]

JBI-text & opinion

4/6 (66.7)*

 Include

Morton (2014) [63]

JBI-cohort

8/11 (72.7)

Seek further info (conference abstract)

Morton (2015) [65]

JBI-cohort

8/11 (72.7)

Include

Muller (2010) [60]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Murad (2009) [54]

JBI-cross-sectional

4/8 (50.0)

Include

Myles (2012) [57]

JBI-case control

9/10 (90.0)

Include

PCP Ethic Committee (2020) [47]

JBI-text & opinion

3/6 (50.0)

Include

Pereira (2012) [69]

JBI-cohort

9/11 (81.8)

Include

Powell (2008) [24]

AGREE Reporting Checklist

12/23 (52.2)

Include

Prekker (2020) [25]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)*

Include

Real de Asua (2020) [32]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Rhodes (2020) [83]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Rowan (2010) [55]

JBI-cohort

8/11 (72.7)

Include

Rubinson (2005) [92]

JBI-text & opinion

4/6 (66.7)*

Include

Ryan (2020) [66]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Include

Saleh (2016) [71]

JBI-cohort

6/11 (54.5)

Seek further info (conference abstract)

Seethala and Keller (2020) [82]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Shahpori (2011) [75]

JBI-cohort

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Shekar (2020) [102]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Silva (2012) [93]

JBI-qualitative

8/10 (80.0)

Include

Sprung (2010) [38]

Delphi process

6/11 (54.5)

Include

Sprung (2020) [33]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Steinberg (2020) [84]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences & Swiss Society of Intensive Care (2020) [49]

AGREE Reporting Checklist

12/23 (52.2)

Include

Tabery and Mackett (2008) [99]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Talmor (2007) [62]

JBI-cohort

10/11 (90.9)

Include

Tambone (2020) [107]

JBI-text & opinion

4/6 (66.7)

Include

Tillyard (2010) [97]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Utley (2011) [26]

No critical appraisal for modeling data

Not applicable

Include

Valiani (2020) [29]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include

Vergano (2020) [53]

JBI-text & opinion

4/6 (66.7)

Include

Vincent and Creteur (2020) [50]

JBI-text & opinion

2/6 (33.3)

Include

Warrillow (2020) [37]

JBI-text & opinion

5/6 (83.3)

Include

Wilkens and Klein (2010) [56]

JBI-cross-sectional

4/8 (50.0)

Include

Williams and Gannon (2009) [76]

JBI-cohort

7/11 (63.6)

Include

Winsor (2014) [103]

JBI-text & opinion

6/6 (100)

Include