Table 3 Variables that are both risk and protective factors for non-communicable neurological disorders

Smoking

RR

1.26 (1.05–1.50)

Vascular dementia

Weak

Bellou, 2017 [49]

OR

1.52 (1.39–1.66)

Multiple sclerosis

Convincing

Belbasis, 2015 [18, 51]

RR

0.64 (0.60–0.69)

Parkinson disease

II

Bellou, 2016 [50]

RR

1.13 (1.05–1.22)

Dementia

Weak

Bellou, 2017 [49]

Hypertension

HR

1.59 (1.20–2.11)

Vascular dementia

Weak

Bellou, 2017 [49]

RR

0.75 (0.61–0.90)

Parkinson disease

IV

Bellou, 2016 [50]

Serum uric acid

SMD to RR

0.58 (0.41–0.83)

Dementia

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

SMD to RR

0.49 (0.27–0.87)

Multiple sclerosis

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

RR

2.83 (2.13–3.76)

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

aRR

1.32 (1.23–1.41)

Stroke mortality

I

Li, 2017 [86]

MD to OR

0.29 (0.11–0.76)

Alzheimer disease

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

RR

0.65 (0.43–0.97)

Parkinson disease incidence

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

OR

0.28 (0.14–0.57)

Multiple sclerosis

Weak

Belbasis, 2015 [18, 51]

SMD to RR

0.22 (0.10–0.45)

Neuromyelitis optica

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

Hedge’s to RR

0.21 (0.14–0.32)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

IV

Li, 2017 [86]

OR

0.39 (0.27–0.57)

Parkinson disease

II

Bellou, 2016 [50]