Table 2 Characteristics of the survivors and non-survivors and the univariable Cox proportional hazards model for 28-day mortality in the development set

Age, years

66.0 (60.0–74.0)

69.0 (60.0–75.0)

1.018

1.000–1.036

0.05

 Male

210 (60.2)

82 (68.3)

 Female

139 (39.8)

38 (31.7)

0.739

0.503–1.086

0.12

 No

250 (71.6)

76 (63.3)

 Yes

99 (28.4)

44 (36.7)

1.382

0.954–2.004

0.09

 No

260 (74.5)

87 (72.5)

 Yes

89 (25.4)

33 (27.7)

1.144

0.766–1.707

0.51

 Lung

40 (11.5)

39 (32.5)

 Hepatobiliary-pancreas

122 (35.0)

29 (24.2)

0.329

0.203–0.533

< 0.001

 Gastrointestinal

50 (14.3)

12 (10.0)

0.325

0.170–0.622

0.001

 Gynecologic

44 (12.6)

5 (4.2)

0.164

0.065–0.416

< 0.001

 Urologic

33 (9.5)

9 (7.5)

0.362

0.175–0.748

0.006

 Others

60 (17.2)

26 (21.7)

0.548

0.334–0.901

0.02

 Pneumonia

61 (17.5)

45 (37.5)

 Urinary tract infection

53 (15.2)

12 (10.0)

0.390

0.206–0.738

0.004

 Colitis

45 (12.9)

14 (11.7)

0.519

0.285–0.945

0.03

 Cholangitis/cholecystitis

106 (30.4)

24 (20.0)

0.387

0.235–0.635

< 0.001

 Others/unknown

63 (18.1)

12 (10.0)

0.329

0.174–0.622

0.001

 Multiple focus

21 (6.0)

13 (10.8)

0.878

0.474–1.627

0.68

 Systolic BP, mmHg

90.0 (79.0–110.0)

90.0 (78.0–118.5)

1.004

0.998–1.011

0.20

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

57.0 (48.0–66.0)

56.0 (49.0–70.0)

1.005

0.995–1.014

0.33

 Heart rate/min

115 (97–131)

117 (96–132)

1.001

0.993–1.008

0.84

 Respiratory rate/min

20 (18–22)

22 (20–26)

1.084

1.057–1.113

< 0.001

 Body temperature, °C

38.1 (37.1–39.0)

37.3 (36.6–37.9)

0.638

0.546–0.745

< 0.001

 Altered mentation

36 (50.7)

35 (49.3)

2.988

2.014–4.431

< 0.001

 White blood cell, /μL

7890 (2740–14,300)

9815 (4365–17,570)

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.04

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

10.2 (8.5–11.6)

9.8 (8.4–11.5)

0.994

0.915–1.080

0.88

 Platelet count, × 1000/μL

144 (70–228)

140 (66–224)

1.000

0.998–1.001

0.69

 PT, INR

1.25 (1.14–1.43)

1.39 (1.25–1.61)

1.229

1.075–1.405

0.003

 Albumin, g/dL

2.9 (2.5–3.3)

2.5 (2.2–3.0)

0.451

0.334–0.610

< 0.001

 BUN, mg/dL

23 (16–33)

30 (19–44)

1.012

1.005–1.018

0.001

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.16 (0.87–1.80)

1.29 (0.84–2.19)

1.104

0.987–1.233

0.08

 CRP, mg/dL

12.0 (5.8–20.6)

14.0 (7.6–25.4)

1.011

0.997–1.026

0.13

 Lactic acid, mmol/L

3.1 (1.8–4.9)

4.6 (2.5–8.3)

1.177

1.127–1.228

< 0.001

 SOFA score

7.0 (5.0–9.0)

10.0 (7.0–13.0)

1.246

1.190–1.305

< 0.001

 APACHE II score

18.0 (14.0–23.0)

24.0 (18.0–32.0)

1.088

1.069–1.108

< 0.001