| Low-burden (n = 83,577) | Metabolic-vascular (n = 73,284) | Ischemic (n = 83,283) | Anemia (n = 14,959) | Metabolic (n = 63,281) | Overall (n = 318,384) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||||
 Median [IQR] | 71 [60, 79] | 73 [66, 80] | 78 [70, 82] | 73 [62, 81] | 67 [57, 74] | 73 [63, 80] |
Sex | ||||||
 Female | 42,440 (50.8%) | 36,716 (50.1%) | 40,818 (49.0%) | 9529 (63.7%) | 34,017 (53.8%) | 163,520 (51.4%) |
 Male | 41,137 (49.2%) | 36,568 (49.9%) | 42,465 (51.0%) | 5430 (36.3%) | 29,264 (46.2%) | 154,864 (48.6%) |
Comorbidities | ||||||
 AF | 26,090 (31.2%) | 35,031 (47.8%) | 44,233 (53.1%) | 1968 (13.2%) | 16,844 (26.6%) | 124,166 (39.0%) |
 CAD | 43,999 (52.6%) | 63,890 (87.2%) | 73,417 (88.2%) | 1771 (11.8%) | 32,617 (51.5%) | 215,694 (67.7%) |
 CVA | 15,165 (18.1%) | 44,157 (60.3%) | 58,088 (69.7%) | 3691 (24.7%) | 8314 (13.1%) | 129,415 (40.6%) |
 PAD | 10,766 (12.9%) | 56,137 (76.6%) | 64,058 (76.9%) | 4010 (26.8%) | 6676 (10.5%) | 141,647 (44.5%) |
 Hypertension | 74,082 (88.6%) | 72,855 (99.4%) | 81,502 (97.9%) | 13,890 (92.9%) | 60,897 (96.2%) | 303,226 (95.2%) |
 Anemia | 7609 (9.1%) | 30,174 (41.2%) | 33,804 (40.6%) | 14,415 (96.4%) | 10,224 (16.2%) | 96,226 (30.2%) |
 Diabetes | 281 (0.3%) | 73,081 (99.7%) | 0 (0%) | 2597 (17.4%) | 63,263 (100.0%) | 139,222 (43.7%) |
 Obesity | 2854 (3.4%) | 25,323 (34.6%) | 1688 (2.0%) | 259 (1.7%) | 36,812 (58.2%) | 66,936 (21.0%) |
 Renal failure | 3585 (4.3%) | 31,489 (43.0%) | 16,081 (19.3%) | 6059 (40.5%) | 9854 (15.6%) | 67,068 (21.1%) |
 COPD | 19,045 (22.8%) | 37,795 (51.6%) | 46,656 (56.0%) | 4779 (31.9%) | 18,113 (28.6%) | 126,388 (39.7%) |
 Cancer | 11,227 (13.4%) | 18,097 (24.7%) | 25,782 (31.0%) | 4947 (33.1%) | 7599 (12.0%) | 67,652 (21.2%) |
 Liver disease | 4506 (5.4%) | 13,861 (18.9%) | 8447 (10.1%) | 3212 (21.5%) | 8353 (13.2%) | 38,379 (12.1%) |
 Peptic ulcer | 2274 (2.7%) | 5168 (7.1%) | 5418 (6.5%) | 1074 (7.2%) | 2089 (3.3%) | 16,023 (5.0%) |
 Dementia | 4708 (5.6%) | 5905 (8.1%) | 10,913 (13.1%) | 1897 (12.7%) | 1567 (2.5%) | 24,990 (7.8%) |
 Depression | 7950 (9.5%) | 15,019 (20.5%) | 14,723 (17.7%) | 3947 (26.4%) | 9647 (15.2%) | 51,286 (16.1%) |
 Alcohol misuse disorder | 2335 (2.8%) | 1862 (2.5%) | 2845 (3.4%) | 866 (5.8%) | 1480 (2.3%) | 9388 (2.9%) |
No. of comorbidities at baseline | ||||||
 2 or less | 31,692 (37.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 374 (2.5%) | 2773 (4.4%) | 34,849 (10.9%) |
 3 to 4 | 46,386 (55.5%) | 1413 (1.9%) | 12,859 (15.4%) | 6939 (46.4%) | 27,130 (42.9%) | 94,727 (29.8%) |
 5 to 6 | 5453 (6.5%) | 23,548 (32.1%) | 46,257 (55.5%) | 6426 (43%) | 27,668 (43.7%) | 109,352 (34.3%) |
 7 to 8 | 46 (0.1%) | 33,594 (45.8%) | 20,804 (25%) | 1151 (7.7%) | 5540 (8.8%) | 61,135 (19.2%) |
 Over 9 | 0 (0%) | 14,729 (20.1%) | 3363 (4%) | 69 (0.5%) | 160 (0.3%) | 18,321 (5.8%) |
Inpatient diagnosis (vs. outpatient diagnosis) | 38,052 (45.5%) | 40,079 (54.7%) | 45,411 (54.5%) | 8057 (53.9%) | 31,845 (50.3%) | 163,444 (51.3%) |
Business line | ||||||
 Medicare Advantage | 50,158 (60.0%) | 58,336 (79.6%) | 63,766 (76.6%) | 10,467 (70.0%) | 37,752 (59.7%) | 220,479 (69.2%) |
 Commercial | 33,419 (40.0%) | 14,948 (20.4%) | 19,517 (23.4%) | 4492 (30.0%) | 25,529 (40.3%) | 97,905 (30.8%) |
Race | ||||||
 White | 60,104 (71.9%) | 48,509 (66.2%) | 61,596 (74.0%) | 9517 (63.6%) | 41,694 (65.9%) | 221,420 (69.5%) |
 Black | 10,277 (12.3%) | 12,043 (16.4%) | 9772 (11.7%) | 2828 (18.9%) | 11,322 (17.9%) | 46,242 (14.5%) |
 Hispanic | 5200 (6.2%) | 6786 (9.3%) | 4711 (5.7%) | 1162 (7.8%) | 4916 (7.8%) | 22,775 (7.2%) |
 Asian | 2064 (2.5%) | 1332 (1.8%) | 1619 (1.9%) | 398 (2.7%) | 947 (1.5%) | 6360 (2.0%) |
 Missing | 5932 (7.1%) | 4614 (6.3%) | 5585 (6.7%) | 1054 (7.0%) | 4402 (7.0%) | 21,587 (6.8%) |
Education | ||||||
 Less than 12 grade | 213 (0.3%) | 333 (0.5%) | 202 (0.2%) | 50 (0.3%) | 249 (0.4%) | 1047 (0.3%) |
 High school diploma | 26,027 (31.1%) | 27,893 (38.1%) | 27,614 (33.2%) | 5239 (35.0%) | 23,724 (37.5%) | 110,497 (34.7%) |
 Less than bachelor degree | 44,827 (53.6%) | 37,696 (51.4%) | 44,452 (53.4%) | 7643 (51.1%) | 33,086 (52.3%) | 167,704 (52.7%) |
 Bachelor degree plus | 11,994 (14.4%) | 6811 (9.3%) | 10,511 (12.6%) | 1918 (12.8%) | 5801 (9.2%) | 37,035 (11.6%) |
 Missing | 516 (0.6%) | 551 (0.7%) | 503 (0.6%) | 109 (0.7%) | 421 (0.7%) | 2101 (0.7%) |
Income (in US dollars) | ||||||
 < $40,000 | 23,672 (28.3%) | 25,282 (34.5%) | 27,664 (33.2%) | 4762 (31.8%) | 20,137 (31.8%) | 101,517 (31.9%) |
 $40,000–$74,000 | 21,529 (25.8%) | 19,643 (26.8%) | 21,849 (26.2%) | 3600 (24.1%) | 16,672 (26.3%) | 83,293 (26.2%) |
 $75,000–$124,999 | 17,020 (20.4%) | 12,704 (17.3%) | 14,310 (17.2%) | 2435 (16.3%) | 12,621 (19.9%) | 59,090 (18.6%) |
 $125,000–$199,999 | 6551 (7.8%) | 3684 (5.0%) | 4341 (5.2%) | 891 (6.0%) | 4102 (6.5%) | 19,569 (6.1%) |
 $200,000+ | 3602 (4.3%) | 1360 (1.9%) | 1957 (2.3%) | 423 (2.8%) | 1642 (2.6%) | 8984 (2.8%) |
 Missing | 11,203 (13.4%) | 10,611 (14.5%) | 13,162 (15.8%) | 2848 (19.0%) | 8107 (12.8%) | 45,931 (14.4%) |
Medication at baseline | ||||||
 Cardioselective beta-blockers | 26,936 (32.2%) | 32,949 (45.0%) | 36,051 (43.3%) | 4351 (29.1%) | 22,095 (34.9%) | 122,382 (38.4%) |
 Non-cardioselective beta-blockers | 11,602 (13.9%) | 13,169 (18.0%) | 11,643 (14.0%) | 1882 (12.6%) | 9463 (15.0%) | 47,759 (15.0%) |
 ACEi/ARBs | 33,005 (39.5%) | 41,120 (56.1%) | 37,711 (45.3%) | 5925 (39.6%) | 31,073 (49.1%) | 148,834 (46.7%) |
 MRA | 3091 (3.7%) | 3893 (5.3%) | 2864 (3.4%) | 733 (4.9%) | 3233 (5.1%) | 13,814 (4.3%) |
 Thiazide | 9444 (11.3%) | 12,071 (16.5%) | 10,997 (13.2%) | 1964 (13.1%) | 9809 (15.5%) | 44,285 (13.9%) |
 Loop diuretics | 19,171 (22.9%) | 28,629 (39.1%) | 24,597 (29.5%) | 4772 (31.9%) | 21,361 (33.8%) | 98,530 (30.9%) |
 Potassium-sparing diuretics | 44 (0.1%) | 90 (0.1%) | 71 (0.1%) | 23 (0.2%) | 72 (0.1%) | 300 (0.1%) |
 Double therapy (ACEi/ARBs + any beta-blocker) | 19,842 (23.7%) | 27,291 (37.2%) | 24,207 (29.1%) | 2990 (20.0%) | 18,142 (28.7%) | 92,472 (29.9%) |
 Triple therapy (ACEi/ARB + any beta blocker + MRA) | 1530 (1.8%) | 1905 (2.6%) | 1273 (1.5%) | 179 (1.2%) | 1475 (2.3%) | 6362 (2.0%) |