Table 2 Basic characteristics
|  | BIOSTAT-index (n = 1469) | BIOSTAT-validation (n = 809) | TRIUMPH (n = 372) | COACH (n = 927) | Overall (n = 3577) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | |||||
 Female sex | 407 (27.7%) | 309 (38.2%) | 135 (36.3%) | 344 (37.1%) | 1195 (33.4%) |
 Age, mean (SD), years | 68.1 (12.4) | 74.7 (10.8) | 70.7 (12.3) | 70.5 (11.4) | 70.5 (12.0) |
 BMI, mean (SD) | 27.8 (5.61) | 28.6 (6.63) | 28.3 (5.54) | 26.2 (5.15) | 27.6 (5.80) |
 Blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | |||||
  Systolic | 124 (22.0) | 122 (22.3) | 131 (28.8) | 118 (21.0) | 122 (22.9) |
  Diastolic | 73.9 (13.3) | 66.5 (13.5) | 76.2 (17.3) | 68.5 (12.1) | 71.1(14.0) |
 Heart rate, mean (SD) | 82.5 (20.5) | 77.0 (17.5) | 88.1 (22.3) | 74.4 (13.4) | 79.7 (18.9) |
 Previous HF hospitalization | 419 (28.5%) | 234 (28.9%) | 80 (21.5%) | 293 (31.6%) | 1026 (28.7%) |
 NYHA class | |||||
  I/II | 424 (28.9%) | 201 (24.8%) | 67 (18.0%) | 49 (5.3%) | 741 (20.7%) |
  III | 756 (51.5%) | 407 (50.3%) | 193 (51.9%) | 477 (51.5%) | 1833 (51.2%) |
  IV | 249 (17.0%) | 201 (24.8%) | 93 (25.0%) | 393 (42.4%) | 936 (26.2%) |
 HF subtypes | |||||
  HFrEF | 1159 (78.9%) | 332 (41.0%) | 254 (68.3%) | 623 (67.2%) | 2368 (66.2%) |
  HFmrEF | 187 (12.7%) | 201 (24.8%) | 54 (14.5%) | 146 (15.7%) | 588 (16.4%) |
  HFpEF | 123 (8.4%) | 276 (34.1%) | 64 (17.2%) | 158 (17.0%) | 621 (17.4%) |
Medical history | |||||
 Myocardial infarction | 513 (34.9%) | 409 (50.6%) | 141 (37.9%) | 387 (41.7%) | 1450 (40.5%) |
 CABG | 244 (16.6%) | 133 (16.4%) | 103 (27.7%) | 149 (16.1%) | 629 (17.6%) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 681 (46.4%) | 372 (46.0%) | 153 (41.1%) | 410 (44.2%) | 1616 (45.2%) |
 ICD/pacemaker | 336 (22.9%) | 83 (10.3%) | 111 (29.8%) | 79 (8.5%) | 609 (17.0%) |
 COPD | 264 (18.0%) | 184 (22.7%) | 68 (18.3%) | 237 (25.6%) | 753 (21.1%) |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 173 (11.8%) | 161 (19.9%) | 81 (21.8%) | 155 (16.7%) | 570 (15.9%) |
 Stroke | 136 (9.3%) | 176 (21.8%) | 67 (18.0%) | 144 (15.5%) | 523 (14.6%) |
 Diabetes | 505 (34.4%) | 281 (34.7%) | 132 (35.5%) | 254 (27.4%) | 1172 (32.8%) |
Medication* | |||||
 β-Blocker use | 1164 (79.2%) | 562 (69.5%) | 231 (62.1%) | 427 (46.1%) | 2384 (66.6%) |
 ACE/ARBs use | 1007 (68.6%) | 504 (62.3%) | 231 (62.1%) | 463 (49.9%) | 2205 (61.6%) |
 Diuretics use | 1467 (99.9%) | 800 (98.9%) | 261 (70.2%) | 692 (74.6%) | 3220 (90.0%) |
Laboratory, mean (SD) | |||||
 Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.14 (1.20) | 7.92 (1.30) | 8.17 (1.30) | 8.39 (1.22) | 8.16 (1.25) |
 Hematocrit, % | 39.8 (5.41) | 39.9 (6.20) | 40.0 (6.06) | 41.0 (5.81) | 40.1 (5.79) |
 Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.21 (0.58) | 4.18 (0.50) | 4.24 (0.64) | 4.21 (0.61) | 4.21 (0.58) |
 Serum sodium, mmol/L | 139 (4.07) | 138 (3.63) | 139 (4.12) | 138 (4.66) | 139 (4.15) |
 Serum creatinine, μmol/L | 115 (52.3) | 111 (51.7) | 126 (63.7) | 123 (54.0) | 117 (54.1) |
 BUN, mmol/L | 16.4 (13.1) | 10.6 (6.20) | 12.0 (9.76) | 10.7 (5.64) | 13.0 (10.1) |
 NT-proBNP, ng/L | 7670 (8830) | 4990 (8080) | 6910 (7650) | 4960 (6980) | 6080 (8120) |
Death†| |||||
 HFrEF | 195 (16.8%) | 94 (28.3%) | 54 (21.3%) | 126 (20.2%) | 469 (19.8%) |
 HFmrEF | 40 (21.4%) | 42 (20.9%) | 11 (20.4%) | 28 (19.2%) | 121 (20.6%) |
 HFpEF | 26 (21.1%) | 69 (25.0%) | 11 (17.2%) | 22 (13.9%) | 128 (20.6%) |