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Table 2 Associations between plasma sex hormones and conventional adenoma in postmenopausal women from the NHSI and NHSII

From: Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women

Biomarker

Conventional adenoma, OR (95% CI)a

Q1 (lowest)

Q2

Q3

Q4 (highest)

P for trend

Per 1-SDb

Estrone

 No. of cases

63

78

70

74

  

 Model 1

1

1.30 (0.93–1.84)

1.20 (0.84–1.71)

1.39 (0.98–1.99)

0.12

1.10 (0.98–1.24)

 Model 2

1

1.32 (0.93–1.87)

1.20 (0.83–1.72)

1.35 (0.92–2.00)

0.19

1.09 (0.96–1.25)

Total estradiol

 No. of cases

73

81

68

84

  

 Model 1

1

1.15 (0.83–1.59)

0.98 (0.69–1.37)

1.41 (1.01–1.96)

0.06

1.15 (0.99–1.33)

 Model 2

1

1.14 (0.82–1.59)

0.98 (0.68–1.40)

1.39 (0.96–2.01)

0.09

1.16 (0.98–1.38)

Free estradiol

 No. of cases

67

63

66

81

  

 Model 1

1

0.94 (0.66–1.33)

1.04 (0.73–1.48)

1.48 (1.05–2.09)

0.01

1.21 (1.04–1.41)

 Model 2

1

0.93 (0.65–1.33)

1.10 (0.76–1.58)

1.54 (1.02–2.31)

0.03

1.23 (1.02–1.47)

Total testosterone

 No. of cases

139

119

118

110

  

 Model 1

1

0.88 (0.68–1.13)

0.85 (0.66–1.09)

0.84 (0.64–1.09)

0.34

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

 Model 2

1

0.88 (0.68–1.13)

0.83 (0.64–1.07)

0.82 (0.62–1.07)

0.26

0.95 (0.86–1.04)

Free testosterone

 No. of cases

94

116

110

129

  

 Model 1

1

1.26 (0.95–1.66)

1.23 (0.92–1.62)

1.56 (1.19–2.05)

0.001

1.19 (1.08–1.32)

 Model 2

1

1.18 (0.89–1.56)

1.09 (0.82–1.46

1.33 (0.99–1.78)

0.03

1.13 (1.01–1.25)

SHBG

 No. of cases

158

128

125

83

  

 Model 1

1

0.73 (0.58–0.94)

0.71 (0.56–0.91)

0.45 (0.34–0.60)

<.0001

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

 Model 2

1

0.74 (0.58–0.96)

0.73 (0.56–0.94)

0.47 (0.35–0.64)

<.0001

0.78 (0.70–0.86)

Total estradiol/total testosterone

 No. of cases

67

70

74

74

  

 Model 1

1

1.04 (0.73–1.47)

1.10 (0.78–1.55)

1.24 (0.87–1.75)

0.26

1.08 (0.94–1.25)

 Model 2

1

1.05 (0.73–1.50)

1.07 (0.74–1.54)

1.20 (0.81–1.76)

0.43

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

  1. Abbreviations: NHS the Nurses’ Health Study, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, MET metabolic equivalent task, AHEI Alternative Healthy Eating Index
  2. aModel 1 was adjusted for age (continuous), case or control status, fasting status (yes or no), time period of endoscopy (in 2-year intervals), number of prior endoscopies (continuous), and time in years since the most recent endoscopy (continuous); model 2 was additionally adjusted for race (Caucasian or non-Caucasian), family history of colorectal cancer (yes or no), height (continuous), smoking status (never, ever, or current), AHEI score (quartile), body mass index (continuous), physical activity (< 3.0, 3.0–8.9, 9.0–17.9, 18.0–26.9, ≥ 27.0 MET-hours/week), alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–9.9, 10.0–14.9, ≥ 15.0 g/day), regular aspirin use (yes or no), and postmenopausal hormone therapy (never, ever, or current)
  3. bSD was the standard deviation of log-transformed hormone levels: 0.58 for estrone, 0.79 for total estradiol, 0.84 for free estradiol, 0.50 for total testosterone, 0.64 for free testosterone, 0.62 for SHBG, and 0.80 for the ratio of total estradiol to total testosterone
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BMC Medicine

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