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Table 3 Association between CRP level and clinical outcomes among dengue patients

From: C-reactive protein as a potential biomarker for disease progression in dengue: a multi-country observational study

Outcome

Crude OR/HR

95% CI

p value

Adjusted OR/HR

95% CI

p value

Severe or intermediate dengue1

1.17

1.08–1.27

< 0.001

1.18

1.07–1.30

0.001

Severe dengue1

1.04

0.87–1.25

0.710

1.05

0.85–1.32

0.638

Fever clearance time*2

 CRP < 30 mg/L

1.00

0.94–1.05

0.866

1.03

0.97–1.09

0.387

 CRP ≥ 30 mg/L

0.89

0.81–0.97

0.010

0.84

0.76–0.92

< 0.001

Hospitalization2

 CRP < 30 mg/L

0.93

0.83–1.03

0.159

0.92

0.81–1.04

0.175

 CRP ≥ 30 mg/L

1.28

1.08–1.51

0.004

1.36

1.13–1.63

0.001

  1. The estimates (OR and HR) and 95% CI were reported for each one log 2 increase of CRP level, i.e., for each 2 times increase of CRP level
  2. CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein, DOI day of illness, HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio
  3. *We use hazard ratio (HR) to report the results of Cox model for fever clearance time outcome. All other outcomes are reported by odds ratio (OR) estimated from logistic regression model. All adjusted estimates are derived from multivariable models adjusted for age, DOI at enrollment, plasma viremia level, and immune status
  4. 1The models for severe or intermediate dengue and severe dengue were performed with linear effect of log 2 of CRP (the non-linear effect of log 2 of CRP was not statistically significant: p = 0.209 for severe or intermediate dengue outcome, and p = 0.679 for severe dengue outcome)
  5. 2The models for fever clearance time and hospitalization were performed with two separated linear effect of log 2 of CRP (for CRP < 30 and CRP ≥ 30 mg/L). The non-linear effect of log 2 of CRP was statistically significant: p = 0.004 for fever clearance time outcome, and p = 0.011 for hospitalization outcome. These models had a quadratic effect with the peak CRP level of approximately 30 mg/L