Fig. 5

Risk factors of re-presentation to hospital. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence interval) of the associations between the age, sex, ethnicity and malaria species (Pf—P. falciparum, Pv—P. vivax, Mix—mixed infection), and any re-presentation with malaria. The HRs of re-presentation in Model (2) are not shown for brevity, because the values were very similar to Model (1) estimates. The risk factors were considered to have the same effect across the re-presentation transitions. The patients with P. malariae and P. ovale infections were excluded from the analysis due to rare number of events. The age categories (0, 1], (1, 5] and (5, 15] represent the ages >0 to ≤1 years, >1 to ≤ 5 years and >5 to ≤15 years, respectively