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Table 3 Mutually adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals in children with obesity, by sex, on anxiety and depressive disorders

From: Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with obesity: a nationwide study in Sweden

 

Anxiety and/or depressive disorders

Anxiety disorder

Depressive disorder

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Age at start of obesity treatment

1.29 (1.25–1.33)***

1.15 (1.11–1.19)***

1.24 (1.20–1.28)***

1.11 (1.06–1.15)***

1.37 (1.32–1.43)***

1.23 (1.17–1.29)***

BMI SDS at start of obesity treatment

0.95 (0.78–1.16); 0.63

1.28 (1.04–1.57)*

0.94 (0.75–1.17); 0.56

1.20 (0.95–1.53); 0.13

1.09 (0.85–1.41); 0.48

1.24 (0.93–1.65); 0.14

Treatment response

 No response vs. good response

1.07 (0.88–1.30); 0.51

1.10 (0.87–1.40); 0.41

1.00 (0.80–1.25); 0.98

1.08 (0.83–1.41); 0.57

1.01 (0.79–1.30); 0.94

1.09 (0.79–1.51); 0.59

 Poor response vs. good response

1.20 (0.93–1.55); 0.17

1.62 (1.22–2.16)**

1.11 (0.83–1.49); 0.49

1.57 (1.13–2.19)**

1.18 (0.86–1.61); 0.31

1.83 (1.27–2.65)**

 Dropouts vs. good response

1.47 (1.16–1.86)**

1.46 (1.13–1.90)**

1.38 (1.06–1.80)*

1.45 (1.08–1.95)*

1.32 (0.97–1.78); 0.08

1.35 (0.94–1.93); 0.10

Nordic background (non-Nordic vs. Nordic)

0.55 (0.45–0.68)***

0.58 (0.46–0.73)***

0.56 (0.44–0.70)***

0.67 (0.52–0.86)**

0.42 (0.32–0.56)***

0.33 (0.23–0.48)***

Neuropsychiatric disorder (yes vs. no)

3.99 (3.40–4.67)***

4.07 (3.42–4.85)***

4.12 (3.44–4.94)***

3.53 (2.89–4.32)***

4.32 (3.55–5.27)***

5.33 (4.19–6.78)***

Maternal anxiety/depression (yes vs. no)

1.33 (1.14–1.56)**

1.30 (1.09–1.55)**

1.35 (1.13–1.61)**

1.35 (1.10–1.65)**

1.40 (1.15–1.70)**

1.53 (1.21–1.94)**

Paternal anxiety/depression (yes vs. no)

1.08 (0.91–1.29); 0.38

1.28 (1.06–1.54)**

1.14 (0.94–1.39); 0.19

1.32 (1.07–1.63)*

0.97 (0.77–1.22); 0.80

1.28 (1.00–1.64); 0.05

SES

 Low vs. high SES

0.82 (0.59–1.14); 0.25

0.83 (0.58–1.19); 0.30

1.02 (0.68–1.53); 0.92

0.92 (0.60–1.41); 0.70

0.70 (0.46–1.04); 0.08

0.71 (0.44–1.16); 0.18

 Medium-low vs. high SES

0.85 (0.63–1.13); 0.26

0.79 (0.57–1.08); 0.14

1.08 (0.75–1.54); 0.69

0.96 (0.66–1.41); 0.84

0.62 (0.43–0.88)**

0.69 (0.46–1.05); 0.09

 Medium-high vs. high SES

0.93 (0.70–1.24); 0.61

0.67 (0.48–0.92)*

1.17 (0.82–1.65); 0.39

0.80 (0.54–1.18); 0.26

0.82 (0.59–1.15); 0.25

0.66 (0.44–1.00); 0.05

  1. ***p < 0.0001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: BMI SDS body mass index standard deviation score, SES socioeconomic status