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Table 4 Univariate rate ratios for severe COVID-19 associated with dispensing of each BNF subparagraph code, restricted to those without a listed condition and not resident in a care home, filtered to show only drug classes with at least 50 exposed individuals and p < 0.001

From: Relation of severe COVID-19 to polypharmacy and prescribing of psychotropic drugs: the REACT-SCOT case-control study

BNF subparagraph Controls (17,127) Cases (637) Rate ratio p value
103050: Proton pump inhibitors 4643 228 1.84 (1.51, 2.23) 7×10−10
104020: Antimotility drugs 262 20 2.84 (1.60, 5.05) 4×10−4
105010: Aminosalicylates 148 15 3.55 (1.83, 6.89) 2×10−4
106040: Osmotic laxatives 1251 78 2.33 (1.71, 3.18) 1×10−7
401020: Anxiolytics 485 41 2.17 (1.46, 3.23) 1×10−4
402010: Antipsychotic drugs 165 25 3.89 (2.29, 6.62) 5×10−7
403010: Tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs 1037 64 1.86 (1.36, 2.54) 9×10−5
403040: Other antidepressant drugs 498 48 2.74 (1.89, 3.97) 1×10−7
407010: Non-opioid analgesics and compound preparations 4202 223 2.05 (1.68, 2.50) 1×10−12
407020: Opioid analgesics 1028 79 2.32 (1.72, 3.13) 3×10−8
408010: Control of epilepsy 746 51 2.31 (1.63, 3.28) 3×10−6
501012: Penicillinase-resistant penicillins 571 41 2.28 (1.53, 3.39) 5×10−5
501013: Broad-spectrum penicillins 1155 69 1.92 (1.42, 2.62) 3×10−5
603020: Use of corticosteroids 333 33 3.36 (2.11, 5.35) 3×10−7
901011: Oral iron 409 26 2.81 (1.66, 4.78) 1×10−4
901020: Drugs used in megaloblastic anaemias 1018 56 2.14 (1.51, 3.04) 2×10−5
904020: Enteral nutrition 99 17 5.8 (2.7, 12.2) 5×10−6
906026: Thiamine hydrochloride (B1) 122 15 3.11 (1.59, 6.07) 9×10−4
906040: Vitamin D 1730 73 1.85 (1.33, 2.58) 3×10−4
1001010: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1438 86 1.71 (1.31, 2.22) 7×10−5
1003020: Rubefacients, topical NSAIDS, capsaicin and poultice 1780 80 1.61 (1.21, 2.14) 1×10−3