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Table 5 Associations of severe COVID-19 with drug classes listed by Laporte and Healy (2020), restricted to those not resident in a care home

From: Relation of severe COVID-19 to polypharmacy and prescribing of psychotropic drugs: the REACT-SCOT case-control study

 

Univariate

Adjusted

 

Controls (33,803)

Cases (2357)

Rate ratio (95% CI)

p value

Rate ratio (95% CI)

p value

103050.Proton pump inhibitors

12,745 (38%)

1168 (50%)

1.81 (1.66, 1.98)

7×10−39

1.44 (1.31, 1.58)

1×10−13

102000.Antispasmodic and other drugs altering gut motility

1226 (4%)

132 (6%)

1.73 (1.42, 2.10)

3×10−8

1.07 (0.87, 1.32)

0.5

304010.Antihistamines

2556 (8%)

263 (11%)

1.61 (1.40, 1.85)

4×10−11

1.30 (1.13, 1.51)

4×10−4

401010.Hypnotics

1395 (4%)

157 (7%)

1.74 (1.45, 2.09)

2×10−9

1.01 (0.83, 1.23)

0.9

401020.Anxiolytics

1308 (4%)

184 (8%)

2.17 (1.83, 2.58)

3×10−19

1.25 (1.04, 1.51)

0.02

402010.Antipsychotic drugs

526 (2%)

151 (6%)

4.18 (3.42, 5.11)

6×10−44

2.80 (2.24, 3.51)

2×10−19

402030.Drugs used for mania and hypomania

67 (0%)

10 (0%)

2.53 (1.26, 5.10)

0.009

0.93 (0.43, 1.98)

0.8

403010.Tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs

2761 (8%)

268 (11%)

1.59 (1.38, 1.83)

1×10−10

1.10 (0.94, 1.27)

0.2

403030.Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors

2913 (9%)

300 (13%)

1.60 (1.40, 1.83)

4×10−12

1.18 (1.03, 1.36)

0.02

403040.Other antidepressant drugs

1561 (5%)

259 (11%)

2.71 (2.34, 3.14)

8×10−40

1.76 (1.50, 2.07)

6×10−12

406000.Drugs used in nausea and vertigo

1798 (5%)

213 (9%)

1.95 (1.67, 2.29)

1×10−16

1.42 (1.20, 1.68)

4×10−5

407020.Opioid analgesics

3371 (10%)

483 (20%)

2.60 (2.32, 2.92)

1×10−59

1.83 (1.61, 2.08)

1×10−20

Gabapentinoids

1742 (5%)

253 (11%)

2.29 (1.98, 2.65)

1×10−28

1.38 (1.18, 1.62)

8×10−5

Other drugs used for epilepsy

754 (2%)

100 (4%)

1.85 (1.48, 2.30)

5×10−8

1.36 (1.08, 1.71)

0.009

409020.Antimuscarinic drugs used in parkinsonism

30 (0%)

7 (0%)

2.97 (1.26, 7.03)

0.01

0.90 (0.37, 2.21)

0.8

704020.Drugs for urinary frequency enuresis and incontinence

1626 (5%)

133 (6%)

1.36 (1.12, 1.64)

0.002

1.02 (0.84, 1.24)

0.8

1001010.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

2373 (7%)

206 (9%)

1.17 (1.00, 1.36)

0.05

0.88 (0.75, 1.03)

0.1

  1. Multivariate rate ratios are based on a joint model with all drug classes in the table and SIMD quintile as covariates