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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD)

From: The Southern European Atlantic Diet and all-cause mortality in older adults

 

SEAD scorea (quartiles)

1

2

3

4

Missing

Deathsb

181

159

145

162

77

n

688

761

787

929

318

Sex—menc (%)

40.1

46.8

46.9

47.5

42.1

Agec

70.3 (6.9)

69.8 (6.9)

69.8 (6.6)

69.5 (6.2)

71.0 (7.6)

Educational levelc (%)

 Primary or less

66.0

58.2

61.1

53.1*

61.1

 Secondary

22.4

22.2

22.0

25.3

20.8

 University

11.6

19.6

16.9

21.6

18.1

Tobacco smokingc (%)

 Never

60.2

54.9

59.5

59.4*

61.6

 Former

26.2

31.1

31.2

30.5

23.8

 Current

13.5

14.0

9.3

10.0

14.5

Diabetesc (%)

18.0

12.8

19.8

20.3*

21.6

Cardiovascular diseasec (%)

7.61

4.33

7.22

4.96

7.05

Respiratory diseasec (%)

8.82

7.85

9.68

6.77

6.32

Musculoskeletal diseasec (%)

53.0

47.4

51.8

49.2

49.3

Cancerc (%)

2.85

1.61

1.17

3.96*

2.48

Depressionc (%)

12.1

7.4

9.9

5.8*

11.7

Leisure-time physical activityd (MET-hours/week)

19.8 (13.4)

20.7 (13.2)

21.5 (13.5)

22.9 (14.1)*

19.7 (14.2)

Time watching TVd (h/day)

2.89 (1.72)

2.72 (1.47)

2.77 (1.49)

2.67 (1.40)

2.88 (1.82)

Body mass indexd (kg/m2)

28.2 (4.3)

28.4 (4.3)

29.0 (4.6)

28.7 (4.3)*

28.7 (5.3)

Energy intaked (kcal/day)

2014 (531)

1965 (492)

1952 (464)

1934 (453)

1853 (594)

White meat consumptiond (g/day)

33.3 (30.4)

33.7 (29.3)

37.8 (28.9)

38.5 (27.0)*

31.6 (30.0)

Fruit consumptiond (g/day)

296 (181)

324 (167)

338 (176)

341 (167)*

310 (182)

Refined grains consumptiond (g/day)

223 (92)

206 (93)

202 (92)

177 (85)*

204 (95)

  1. Values are means (standard deviations) unless otherwise indicated. *p value < 0.05 for differences in means (ANOVA) or proportions (Pearson’s chi-squared) across categories of the SEAD score
  2. aSex-specific medians were used as the threshold for all food components, except wine. Quartile values of the SEAD score: quartile 1, ≤ 2; quartile 2, 3; quartile 3, 4; quartile 4, ≥ 5
  3. bThe number of deaths/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval] for increasing quartiles of the SEAD score was 26.8 [22.6, 32.1], 20.5 [17.2, 24.7], 17.9 [15.0, 21.6], and 16.9 [14.2, 20.2], respectively
  4. cAt baseline
  5. dThree-year cumulative values (baseline and 3-year follow-up if available)