The Southern European Atlantic Diet and all-cause mortality in older adults

Table 2 Association between adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) score and all-cause death (n = 3165)

	Deaths	Person-years	Hazard ratio [95% CI]
	Deaths	Person-years	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
SEAD score based on sex-specific medians of food consumption
Per 1-SD increment	646	32,158	0.85 [0.78, 0.93]***	0.86 [0.79, 0.94]**	0.86 [0.78, 0.94]***
Quartiles^a
1 (lower adherence)	181	6728	1	1	1
2	159	7733	0.79 [0.60, 1.04]	0.83 [0.64, 1.08]	0.83 [0.64, 1.09]
3	145	8084	0.63 [0.48, 0.83]***	0.66 [0.50, 0.87]**	0.66 [0.50, 0.87]**
4 (higher adherence)	162	9613	0.66 [0.52, 0.85]**	0.68 [0.53, 0.88]**	0.67 [0.52, 0.87]**
Sensitivity analyses
SEAD score based on sex-specific quartiles of food consumption
Per 1-SD increment	646	32,158	0.88 [0.80, 0.96]**	0.87 [0.80, 0.96]**	0.86 [0.79, 0.95]**
Quartiles^b
1 (lower adherence)	197	7693	1	1	1
2	192	9800	0.81 [0.64, 1.03]	0.81 [0.64, 1.03]	0.81 [0.64, 1.03]
3	110	6389	0.65 [0.50, 0.86]**	0.68 [0.51, 0.89]**	0.67 [0.51, 0.88]**
4 (higher adherence)	147	8276	0.70 [0.55, 0.89]**	0.70 [0.55, 0.90]**	0.68 [0.53, 0.88]**
SEAD score based on frequency of food consumption
Per 1-SD increment	646	32,158	0.80 [0.73, 0.89]***	0.79 [0.71, 0.87]***	0.78 [0.70, 0.86]***
Quartiles^c
1 (lower adherence)	193	6863	1	1	1
2	156	8060	0.76 [0.59, 0.97]*	0.74 [0.58, 0.96]*	0.75 [0.58, 0.96]*
3	166	8043	0.77 [0.60, 0.98]*	0.76 [0.59, 0.97]*	0.76 [0.60, 0.97]*
4 (higher adherence)	132	9192	0.61 [0.47, 0.80]***	0.60 [0.46, 0.78]***	0.58 [0.44, 0.76]***

CI confidence interval
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
^aQuartile values of the SEAD score: quartile 1, ≤ 2; quartile 2, 3; quartile 3, 4; quartile 4, ≥ 5. Range [0, 9]
^bQuartile values of the SEAD score: quartile 1, ≤ 15; quartile 2, 16 to 18; quartile 3, 19 to 20; quartile 4, ≥ 21. Range [9, 32]
^cQuartile values of the SEAD score: quartile 1, ≤ 14; quartile 2, 15; quartile 3, 16; quartile 4, ≥ 17. Range [10, 22]
Model 1: Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, age (years), educational level (primary or less, secondary, or university), and energy intake (kcal/day)
Model 2: as model 1 and further adjusted for smoking status (never, former, or current), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, musculoskeletal disease, cancer, and depression at baseline, and 3-year cumulative leisure-time physical activity (MET-hours/week), sedentary behavior (TV hours/day), and body mass index (kg/m²)
Model 3: as model 2 and further adjusted for 3-year cumulative white meat, fruit, and refined grains consumption

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