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Table 2 Non-cancer model and factors associated with mortality within 1 year post-admission (complete cases n = 72,839)

From: Characteristics and mortality rates among patients requiring intermediate care: a national cohort study using linked databases

Covariate [*denotes reference group]

0 to 365 days

Hazard up to 28 daysa

Hazard 29 to 180 daysb

Hazard 181 to 365 daysc

n/N (%)

n/N (%)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

n/N (%)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

n/N (%)

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

Age (years)

 

 18–64

683/12,288 (6%)

191/12,288 (2%)

0.38 (0.32, 0.44)

313/12,097 (3%)

0.17 (0.15, 0.19)

179/11,784 (2%)

0.14 (0.12, 0.16)

 65–74

1885/10,894 (17%)

407/10,894 (4%)

0.58 (0.52, 0.65)

906/10,487 (9%)

0.41 (0.38, 0.44)

572/9581 (6%)

0.41 (0.38, 0.45)

 75–84

5731/21,796 (26%)

1101/21,796 (5%)

0.7 (0.65, 0.75)

2852/20,695 (14%)

0.6 (0.57, 0.62)

1778/17,843 (10%)

0.62 (0.59, 0.66)

 85–94*

10,514/27,861 (38%)

1911/27,861 (7%)

1

5 00/25,950 (21%)

1

3103/20,450 (15%)

1

Sex

 Male*

8779/29,759 (30%)

1789/29,759 (6%)

1

4476/27,970 (16%)

1

2514/23,494 (11%)

1

 Female

10,034/43,080 (23%)

821/43,080 (4%)

0.8 (0.75, 0.85)

5095/41,259 (12%)

0.76 (0.73, 0.80)

3118/36,164 (9%)

0.76 (0.72, 0.80)

Charlson comorbidity index

 0

2172/20,088 (11%)

341/20,088 (2%)

0.59 (0.52, 0.67)

1050/19,747 (5%)

0.58 (0.54, 0.63)

781/18,697 (4%)

0.66 (0.60, 0.71)

 1–2*

6702/28,320 (24%)

1158/28,320 (4%)

1

3398/27,162 (13%)

1

2146/23,764 (9%)

1

 3–4

5290/15,249 (35%)

990/15,249 (6%)

1.39 (1.28, 1.52)

2737/14,259 (19%)

1.41 (1.34, 1.48)

1563/11,522 (14%)

1.36 (1.28, 1.45)

 5+

449/9182 (51%)

1121/9182 (12%)

2.57 (2.36, 2.79)

2386/8061 (30%)

2.31 (2.19, 2.44)

1142/5675 (20%)

2.06 (1.92, 2.22)

Admission type

 Non-elective*

16,646/56,270 (30%)

3169/56,270 (6%)

1

8490/53,101 (16%)

1

4987/44,611 (11%)

1

 Elective

2167/16,569 (13%)

441/16,569 (3%)

0.81 (0.73, 0.90)

1081/16,128 (7%)

0.72 (0.67, 0.77)

645/15,047 (4%)

0.67 (0.62, 0.73)

Setting admitted from

 Home* (personal dwelling/care home)

8005/36,442 (22%)

1421/36,442 (4%)

1

4233/35,021 (12%)

1

2351/30,788 (8%)

1

 Hospital

10,115/33,529 (30%)

2092/33,529 (6%)

1.26 (1.18, 1.35)

4987/31,437 (16%)

0.97 (0.93, 1.01)

3036/26,450 (11%)

1.07 (1.02, 1.13)

 Other and unknown

693/2868 (24%)

97/2868 (3%)

0.74 (0.60, 0.91)

351/2771 (13%)

0.83 (0.75, 0.93)

245/2420 (10%)

1.02 (0.89, 1.16)

Main diagnosis on admission (ICD-10 code)

 Musculoskeletal disorders* (M)

855/9229 (9%)

96/9229 (1%)

1

450/9133 (5%)

1

309/8683 (4%)

1

 Injury (S, T)

2770/13,002 (21%)

299/13,002 (2%)

1.38 (1.09, 1.74)

1495/12,703 (12%)

1.4 (1.26, 1.56)

976/11,208 (9%)

1.35 (1.18, 1.53)

 Renal and genitourinary disease (N)

1478/4820 (31%)

257/4820 (5%)

3.05 (2.41, 3.87)

783/4563 (17%)

2 (1.78, 2.25)

438/3780 (12%)

1.86 (1.60, 2.16)

 Cerebrovascular disease (I60–68)

769/3067 (25%)

191/3067 (6%)

3.02 (2.35, 3.88)

375/2876 (13%)

1.36 (1.19, 1.57)

203/2501 (8%)

1.12 (0.94, 1.35)

 Digestive diseases (K)

613/2828 (22%)

133/2828 (5%)

3.47 (2.67, 4.51)

306/2695 (11%)

1.77 (1.53, 2.05)

174/2389 (7%)

1.57 (1.31, 1.90)

 Pneumonia (J)

1223/2821 (43%)

341/2821 (12%)

6.17 (4.90, 7.76)

553/2480 (22%)

2.31 (2.03, 2.62)

329/1927 (17%)

2.34 (2.00, 2.74)

 Chronic heart disease (I)

823/1819 (45%)

242/1819 (13%)

6.14 (4.83, 7.81)

399/1577 (25%)

2.41 (2.10, 2.76)

182/1178 (15%)

1.89 (1.57, 2.28)

 Infections (A, B)

485/1411 (34%)

96/1411 (7%)

3.69 (2.78, 4.91)

274/1315 (21%)

2.41 (2.07, 2.81)

115/1041 (11%)

1.67 (1.34, 2.07)

 COPD (J40–44)

496/1125 (44%)

105/1125 (9%)

5.01 (3.78, 6.62)

252/1020 (25%)

2.86 (2.45, 3.34)

139/768 (18%)

2.76 (2.26, 3.39)

 Dementia (F00–03, G30–31)

396/1046 (38%)

92/1046 (9%)

5.07 (3.80, 6.77)

187/954 (20%)

2.17 (1.82, 2.57)

117/767 (15%)

2.23 (1.80, 2.76)

 Acute heart disease (I)

304/955 (32%)

62/955 (6%)

3.38 (2.45, 4.66)

175/893 (20%)

2.13 (1.78, 2.54)

67/718 (9%)

1.32 (1.01, 1.73)

 Blood diseases (D)

223/574 (39%)

45/574 (8%)

4.47 (3.13, 6.38)

118/529 (22%)

2.66 (2.17, 3.26)

60/411 (15%)

2.49 (1.89, 3.29)

 Liver disease (B17–B18, C22, K70–75)

88/178 (49%)

32/178 (18%)

9.75 (6.50, 14.6)

40/146 (27%)

4.06 (2.93, 5.62)

16/106 (15%)

3.23 (1.95, 5.36)

 Mental/behavioural disorders (F)

240/2418 (10%)

28/2418 (1%)

1.37 (0.89, 2.09)

124/2390 (5%)

1.42 (1.16, 1.73)

88/2266 (4%)

1.51 (1.19, 1.92)

 Other

8050/27,546 (29%)

1591/27,546 (6%)

3.6 (2.92, 4.43)

4040/25,955 (16%)

2.01 (1.82, 2.22)

2419/21,915 (11%)

1.88 (1.67, 2.12)

  1. Data in bold indicates significant findings. Data are n (%) and represent status at index admission to the intermediate care unit. Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI). Main diagnosis on admission (ICD-10 chapter code), full codes Additional File Tables C1 and C4. aHazard of death in the first 28 days of admission. bHazard of death within 29 to 180 days of admission, which excludes patients that died before 28 days. cHazard of death within 181 to 365 days of admission, which excludes patients that died before 180 days. Abbreviations: ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases 2010, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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