| Placebo (n = 31) | Folic acid (n = 37) |
---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics at 14th GW | ||
 Age, years | 28.1 (26.6, 29.6) | 29.7 (28.5, 30.8) |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 (23.7, 26.7) | 25.5 (23.6, 27.3) |
 Smoker, No. (%) | 2 (6) | 5 (14) |
 Duration of FA use at sampling, weeksa | 13.3 (10.5, 16.0) | 12.7 (10.3, 15.0) |
 Iron supplement use, No. (%) | 6 (19) | 11 (30) |
 Parity, No. | 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) |
 Caesarean section, No. (%) | 9 (29) | 10 (27) |
 Education, years | 19.2 (18.3, 20.2) | 19.6 (18.8, 20.4) |
 Married, No. (%) | 24 (80) | 33 (92) |
 Owner of dwelling, No. (%) | 24 (80) | 30 (83) |
 Rural dweller, No. (%) | 16 (52) | 22 (59) |
 Socioeconomic status (MDM score)b | 21.9 (17.0, 26.8) | 18.7 (15.3, 22.0) |
Neonatal characteristics | ||
 Gestational age, weeks | 40.2 (39.6, 40.7) | 39.8 (39.4, 40.2) |
 Sex, male, No. (%) | 15 (48) | 16 (43) |
 Birth weight, g | 3503 (3329, 3677) | 3461 (3290, 3633) |
 Birth length, cm | 51.1 (50.2, 52.0) | 50.9 (50.1, 51.7) |
 Head circumference, cm | 34.5 (34.0, 35.0) | 34.6 (34.1, 35.1) |
 Apgar score at 1 min | 8.4 (7.9, 8.8) | 8.4 (8.0, 8.8) |
 Apgar score at 5 min | 8.9 (8.8, 9.1) | 8.9 (8.7, 9.1) |
 Breastfed, No. (%) | 15 (48) | 16 (43) |
Child characteristics (11 years) | ||
 Age, years | 10.8 (10.7, 10.8) | 10.8 (10.7, 11.0) |
 Siblings, No. | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) |
 Weight, kg | 39.3 (35.8, 42.8) | 37.7 (35.3, 40.1) |
 Height, cm | 147.1 (144.8, 149.3) | 146.7 (144.0, 149.3) |
 BMI for age Z-scorec | 0.15 (− 0.33, 0.62) | − 0.03 (− 0.45, 0.38) |
 Waist circumference, cm | 71.1 (67.3, 74.9) | 68.2 (65.6, 70.7) |
 Head circumference, cm | 55.2 (54.2, 56.2) | 54.7 (54.0, 55.4) |
 Body fatness, % | 19.6 (15.8, 23.3) | 19.2 (16.5, 21.9) |