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Table 3 Relationship between dietary scores and mortality, using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis

From: Relationship between diet quality scores and the risk of frailty and mortality in adults across a wide age spectrum

Dietary scores

3-year mortality

Deceased, N (%) = 509 (2.4)

8-year mortality

Deceased, N (%) = 1171 (5.3)

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

p value

Hazard ratio (95%CI)

p value

Adjusted for age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, employment status, smoking, study cohort, and BMI (basic covariates)

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.16 (1.09,1.22)

< 0.001

1.14 (1.09,1.18)

< 0.001

 E-DII (per 1 point)

1.03 (0.98,1.08)

0.201

1.04 (1.01,1.08)

0.008

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.92 (0.86,0.98)

0.015

0.92 (0.88,0.96)

< 0.001

 MDS (per 1 point)*

0.93 (0.87,0.98)

0.013

0.93 (0.89,0.96)

< 0.001

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.96 (0.90,1.01)

0.121

0.96 (0.93,0.99)

0.038

Adjusted for basic covariates and FI

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.11 (1.04,1.17)

0.001

1.15 (1.10,1.21)

< 0.001

 E-DII (per 1 point)

1.03 (0.99,1.08)

0.185

1.05 (1.01,1.08)

0.007

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.93 (0.86,0.99)

0.028

0.93 (0.89,0.97)

0.002

 MDS (per 1 point)*

0.94 (0.88,0.99)

0.046

0.94 (0.90,0.97)

0.001

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.96 (0.90,1.01)

0.113

0.96 (0.93,0.99)

0.040

 E-DII (per 1 point)

1.01 (0.96,1.06)

0.791

1.02 (0.99,1.06)

0.198

 E-DII squared

0.98 (0.96,1.00)

0.072

0.99 (0.97,0.99)

0.043

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.10 (1.04,1.17)

0.002

1.08 (1.04,1.13)

< 0.001

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.95 (0.88,1.02)

0.164

0.95 (0.91,0.99)

0.037

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.09 (1.04,1.16)

0.005

1.08 (1.04,1.12)

< 0.001

 MDS (per 1 point)

0.95 (0.89,1.01)

0.106

0.94 (0.91,0.98)

0.004

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.10 (1.04,1.17)

0.002

1.08 (1.04,1.13)

< 0.001

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.96 (0.91,1.02)

0.166

0.97 (0.93,1.00)

0.062

 NI (per 0.1 point)

1.10 (1.04,1.17)

0.001

1.09 (1.05,1.13)

< 0.001

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.91 (0.83,1.00)

0.057

0.94 (0.88,0.99)

0.045

 E-DII (per 1 point)

0.98 (0.92,1.05)

0.595

1.01 (0.97,1.05)

0.724

 E-DII squared

0.98 (0.96,1.00)

0.057

0.99 (0.97,0.99)

0.036

 MDS (per 1 point)

0.94 (0.88,1.01)

0.083

0.94 (0.90,0.99)

0.009

 E-DII (per 1 point)

1.01 (0.95,1.06)

0.855

1.02 (0.98,1.06)

0.309

 E-DII squared

0.98 (0.96,1.00)

0.058

0.99 (0.97,0.99)

0.033

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.97 (0.90,1.05)

0.411

0.99 (0.94,1.04)

0.735

 E-DII (per 1 point)

1.01 (0.95,1.08)

0.689

1.04 (0.99,1.08)

0.090

 MDS (per 1 point)

0.97 (0.90,1.04)

0.352

0.96 (0.91,1.00)

0.059

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.95 (0.87,1.03)

0.188

0.96 (0.91,1.01)

0.113

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.99 (0.92,1.06)

0.741

0.99 (0.95,1.04)

0.728

 HEI-2015 (per 10 points)

0.93 (0.86,1.01)

0.102

0.94 (0.87,0.99)

0.016

 DASH (per 1 point)

0.97 (0.91,1.03)

0.290

0.98 (0.94,1.01)

0.193

 MDS (per 1 point)

0.95 (0.98,1.01)

0.093

0.94 (0.90,0.98)

0.004

  1. 2007–2012 NHANES cohorts were included in the analysis and mortality was identified up to December 2015. Higher NI and E-DII scores and lower HEI-2015, MDS, and DASH scores represents worse dietary pattern/intake. In an initial model we tested the linear relationship, in the second model we added the squared term, and in the third model, we added the cubic term. We present results only for the highest order model that was statistically significant. If none of the models were statistically significant, we present the linear model
  2. BMI body mass index, DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, E-DII Energy-density Dietary Inflammatory Index, FI Frailty index, HEI-2015 Healthy Eating Index-2015, MDS Mediterranean Diet Score, NI Nutrition Index
  3. *This regression model was additionally adjusted for energy intake
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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