Fig. 5

Characterization of glycolysis-related long noncoding (lnc)RNAs in five cancer types. a A heatmap demonstrating glycolysis-associated lncRNAs in five cancer types. Colors in the heatmap indicate the degree of correlation between glycolysis scores and lncRNA expressions. b Word cloud of the glycolysis-correlated lncRNAs. Number of cancer types is associated with the text size of the lncRNA names, whereas the color of the lncRNA indicates median correlation coefficients. c Density curve showing correlation coefficients of genes (pink) and lncRNAs (yellow) significantly associated with glycolysis scores. Distributions of genes and lncRNAs were compared using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The x-axis represents correlation coefficients with glycolysis scores between genes and lncRNAs, and the y-axis represents numbers of lncRNAs and genes. d Pie chart demonstrating percentages of lncRNAs with positive or negative values in the relative concentration index (RCI). e A circular bar plot indicating frequencies of transcription factors (TFs) negatively associated with glycolysis-related nuclear lncRNAs. f Bar plots demonstrating cellular localizations of five lncRNAs significantly correlated with glycolysis scores across five cancer types. g A bar plot showing numbers of activated and suppressed TFs in cluster 3 compared with cluster 1 in five cancer types. The x-axis represents the number of cancer types, and the y-axis represents the number of TFs. h Functional annotation analyses of activated TFs involved in more than four cancer types in cluster 3 cancer patients. The y-axis represents significant enriched pathways (with an FDR of < 0.01), and the x-axis represents multiples of enrichment of indicated signal pathways. i A boxplot indicating TFs that were upregulated in cluster 3 compared with cluster 1. The y-axis represents transcriptional activity inferred by target gene expression levels by using analytic rank-based enrichment analyses, and the x-axis represents different clusters classified by glycolysis-associated lncRNAs. j MYC activity in five cancer types. k Dot plots of lncRNA-TF pairs that exhibit negative correlations across five cancer types. The association between TF and lncRNA within each cancer type exhibits a correlation coefficient of <− 0.3 and a p value of < 0.001. The pooled p value and correlation coefficient are indicated in each dot plot