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Table 2 Model projections of annual clinical outcomes at baseline and with different timing and coverage

From: Optimizing antiviral treatment for seasonal influenza in the USA: a mathematical modeling analysis

Outcome

Texas

California

Connecticut

Virginia

Model projection (#)

Proportion1 (%)

Model projection (#)

Proportion1 (%)

Model projection (#)

Proportion1 (%)

Model projection (#)

Proportion1 (%)

Symptomatic cases

 Influenza symptomatic cases without antiviral treatment2

2,301,185 (1044395–4,135,596)

 

2,902,800 (1347273–5,246,107)

 

162,568 (52024–391,760)

 

460,854 (149728–1,046,816)

 

 Influenza symptomatic cases at baseline2,3

2,231,561 (1004289–4,046,681)

 

2,805,437 (1293191–5,117,997)

 

154,932 (49132–379,116)

 

441,098 (141980–1,016,914)

 

Symptomatic cases averted compared to baseline scenario

 Treating early4 while keeping baseline treatment coverage2

65,201 (36977–84,458)

2.9 (2.1–3.7)

90,847 (49702–121,703)

3.2 (2.4–3.8)

7012 (2599–11,923)

4.5 (3.1–5.3)

18,229 (6990–28,306)

4.1 (2.8–4.9)

 Treating 20% of infected individuals2 early4

116,833 (65688–152,635)

5.2 (3.8–6.5)

160,451 (87138–216,869)

5.7 (4.2–6.7)

12,543 (4611–21,568)

8.1 (5.7–9.4)

32,561 (12372–51,130)

7.4 (5.0–8.7)

Hospitalizations

 Hospitalizations without antiviral treatment 2

9896 (4365–18,385)

 

13,998 (6298–26,222)

 

902 (208–2261)

 

2297 (723–5546)

 

 Hospitalizations at baseline2,3

9301 (4069–17,431)

 

13,110 (5860–24,783)

 

833 (256–2119)

 

2130 (665–5123)

 

Hospitalizations averted compared to baseline scenario

 Treating early4 while keeping baseline treatment coverage2

513 (253–822)

5.5 (4.7–6.2)

764 (374–1243)

5.8 (5.0–6.4)

59 (20–123)

7.1 (5.8–7.8)

143 (49–279)

6.7 (5.4–7.4)

 Treating 20% of infected individuals2 early4

1021 (494–1686)

11.0 (9.7–12.1)

1506 (725–2522)

11.5 (10.2–12.4)

115 (38–247)

13.8 (11.7–14.9)

279 (95–564)

13.1 (11.0–14.2)

  1. 1 Percentage reduction in total symptomatic influenza cases (hospitalizations) compared to baseline scenario
  2. 2 Range was calculated by increasing and decreasing by 20% the state’s average effective vaccination coverage
  3. 3 In the baseline scenario, treatment coverage within 48 h from symptoms onset ranges between 2.7 and 4.8% (depends on age group), and after 48 from symptoms, onset ranges between 7.3 and 12.8% (depends on age group). Administering antiviral treatment within 48 h reduces transmissibility by 23.2% and risk for hospitalization by 59–79% (depends on age group)
  4. 4 Treating early refers to administering antiviral treatment within 48 h after symptoms onset