Table 1 Lifetime costs, effectiveness, and incremental cost-effectiveness for optimal pathway versus status quo
Scenario | 0% discount rate | 3% discount rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total costs (95% CI), million $ | Total QALYs (95% CI), million | ICER (95% CI), $/QALY | Total costs (95% CI), million $ | Total QALYs (95% CI), million | ICER (95% CI), $/QALY | |
China | ||||||
 Status quo | 235,233 (202,975 to 274,054) | 62,061 (53,812 to 71,934) | – | 64,516 (60,785 to 68,688) | 19,907 (18,803 to 21,106) | – |
 Optimal pathway | 135,523 (117,264 to 151,530) | 62,177 (53,911 to 72,071) | − 861 (− 998 to − 762) | 59,222 (53,732 to 63,311) | 19,922 (18,818 to 21,122) | − 339 (− 687 to − 79) |
 Incremental value | − 99,711 (− 129,313 to − 79,441) | 116 (98 to 138) | – | − 5295 (− 11,148 to − 1197) | 16 (15 to 17) | – |
Urban area | ||||||
 Status quo | 192,864 (167,384 to 224,928) | 46,214 (40,370 to 53,409) | – | 53,387 (49,723 to 57,458) | 14,689 (13,864 to 15,656) | – |
 Optimal pathway | 108,875 (93,177 to 123,739) | 46,299 (40,442 to 53,509) | − 987 (− 1149 to − 858) | 47,250 (42,273 to 51,218) | 14,701 (13,876 to 15,669) | − 511 (− 913 to − 199) |
 Incremental value | − 83,990 (− 108,944 to − 65,382) | 85 (73 to 101) | – | − 6137 (− 11,347 to − 2345) | 12 (11 to 13) | – |
Rural area | ||||||
 Status quo | 42,369 (33,919 to 53,818) | 15,846 (13,269 to 19,448) | – | 11,130 (9565 to 12,860) | 5218 (4733 to 5818) | – |
 Optimal pathway | 26,648 (21,842 to 31,565) | 15,877 (13,294 to 19,488) | − 512 (− 666 to − 380) | 11,972 (10,405 to 13,413) | 5222 (4736 to 5822) | 234 (− 120 to 544) |
 Incremental value | − 15,721 (− 23,542 to − 10,227) | 31 (25 to 39) | – | 842 (− 458 to 1919) | 4 (3 to 4) | – |