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Table 5 Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of bladder cancer according to diet diversity scores

From: Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study

Model adjustments

Diet diversity scores of vegetable

P-trend

0–2

2–4

4–6

6–8

No. Cases

27

962

1937

277

 

Model 1 f

Ref.

0.88 (0.60–1.32)

0.92 (0.61–1.38)

0.95 (0.62–1.45)

0.382

Model 2 f, g

Ref.

0.87 (0.61–1.30)

0.92 (0.60–1.37)

0.95 (0.62–1.44)

0.340

  1. fModel 1: Adjusted for age (years, continuous), sex (male or female, if applicable), smoking (if applicable, smoking was defined as: 0 (never smokers); 1 [current light smokers (i.e. smoking less than 20 pack-years)]; 2 [current heavy smokers (i.e. smoking more than 20 pack-years)]; 3 [current smokers (no information on pack-years)]; 4 [former light smokers (i.e. smokers who ceased smoking over 1 year prior and smoked less than 20 pack-years)]; 5 [former heavy smokers (i.e. smokers who ceased smoking over 1 year prior and smoked more than 20 pack-years)]; 6 [former smokers (smokers who ceased smoking over 1 year prior and no information on pack-years)]), total energy intake (kcal/day, continuous) and total vegetable intake
  2. f, gModel 2: Additionally, ethnicity (Caucasian or non-Caucasian, if applicable), alcohol intake (ml/day, continuous), fat intake (g/day, continuous), meat intake (g/day, continuous), sugar intake (g/day, continuous) and grain intake (g/day, continuous)
  3. Abbreviations: NMIBC, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; MIBC, muscle invasive bladder cancer; SD, standard deviation; kcal, kilocalorie; g, gram
  4. Reference group was lowest intake (tertile 1)
  5. P-trend < 0.05 was considered statistically significant