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Table 4 Subgroup analysis of association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood brain tumors for the comparison of breastfeeding versus non/occasional breastfeeding

From: Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

 

No. of studies

No. of cases

OR (95%CI)

P value

I2 (%)

P value for heterogeneity

P in meta-regression

Cancer type

      

0.396

 Ependymoma (C.1)

4

408

1.02 (0.65 ~ 1.60)

0.931

22.3

0.277

 

 Astrocytoma (C.2)

4

475

0.91 (0.71 ~ 1.15)

0.411

0.0

0.589

 

 Medulloblastoma (C.3)

2

148

0.89 (0.42 ~ 1.92)

0.770

53.4

0.143

 

 Others (C.4)

3

446

1.13 (0.83 ~ 1.55)

0.446

22.1

0.274

 

Year of publication

      

0.665

 In and before 2005 (C.5)

4

640

0.95 (0.69 ~ 1.30)

0.751

37.8

0.186

 

 After 2005 (C.6)

3

1019

0.94 (0.80 ~ 1.10)

0.431

0.0

0.458

 

Geographic location

      

0.296

 North America (C.7)

2

310

0.74 (0.55 ~ 1.01)

0.055

0.0

0.364

 

 Europe (C.8)

4

1071

1.03 (0.90 ~ 1.19)

0.639

0.0

0.636

 

 Oceania (C.9)

1

278

0.81 (0.47 ~ 1.39)

0.443

NA

NA

 

Study quality score

      

0.847

 ≤ 7 (C.10)

5

926

0.92 (0.72 ~ 1.16)

0.472

35.6

0.184

 

 > 7 (C.11)

2

733

0.98 (0.82 ~ 1.17)

0.825

0.0

0.479

 

Sample size

      

0.179

 ≤ 1000 (C.12)

4

631

0.81 (0.62 ~ 1.06)

0.121

4.7

0.369

 

 > 1000 (C.13)

3

1028

1.02 (0.89 ~ 1.17)

0.772

0.0

0.560

 

Definition of reference category

      

0.665

 Never breastfeeding (C.14)

3

1019

0.94 (0.80 ~ 1.10)

0.431

0.0

0.458

 

 Occasional breastfeeding (C.15)

4

640

0.95 (0.69 ~ 1.30)

0.751

37.8

0.186

0.207

  ≤ 2 months (C.16)

3

602

1.08 (0.88 ~ 1.32)

0.482

0.0

0.489

 

  ≤ 6 months (C.17)

1

38

0.57 (0.30 ~ 1.09)

0.088

NA

NA

 
  1. Abbreviations: PC-CS population-based case-control study; HC-CS hospital-based case-control study; NA not applicable