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Table 2 Associations between dietary intake of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk

From: Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk in 9 European countries

 

Cases/participants

Intake range (mg/day)

Basic§

Multivariable†

HR (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

Total industrial trans fatty acidsa

Q1

2324/63,722

< 544

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q2

2674/63,721

544–< 973

1.10 (1.04–1.17)

1.10 (1.04–1.17)

Q3

2692/63,722

973–< 1520

1.11 (1.04–1.18)

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

Q4

2780/63,721

1520–< 2535

1.13 (1.06–1.21)

1.15 (1.07–1.23)

Q5

2771/63,721

≥ 2535

1.11 (1.04–1.19)

1.14 (1.06–1.23)

P trend

  

0.009

0.001

Q value

   

0.002

Elaidic acid

Q1

2323/63,722

< 506

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q2

2651/63,721

506–< 924

1.09 (1.03–1.16)

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

Q3

2719/63,722

924–< 1455

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

1.13 (1.06–1.20)

Q4

2771/63,721

1455–< 2470

1.14 (1.07–1.22)

1.16 (1.08–1.24)

Q5

2777/63,721

≥ 2470

1.11 (1.04–1.19)

1.14 (1.06–1.23)

P trend

  

0.005

0.001

Q value

   

0.002

Total ruminant trans fatty acidsb

Q1

2961/63,724

< 13.58

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q2

2406/63,726

13.58–< 26.41

1.04 (0.98–1.11)

1.03 (0.97–1.10)

Q3

2499/63,715

26.41–< 49.03

1.05 (0.98–1.12)

1.03 (0.97–1.10)

Q4

2629/63,721

49.03–< 86.31

1.10 (1.03–1.18)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

Q5

2746/63,721

≥ 86.31

1.11 (1.04–1.19)

1.09 (1.01–1.17)

P trend

  

0.001

0.015

Q value

   

0.022

Palmitelaidic acid

Q1

3031/63,722

< 1.28

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q2

2698/63,698

1.28–< 2.98

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

Q3

2389/63,723

2.98–< 6.56

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

Q4

2473/63,715

6.56–< 18.01

1.08 (1.01–1.15)

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

Q5

2650/63,721

≥ 18.01

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

P trend

  

0.007

0.028

Q value

   

0.034

Conjugated linoleic acid

Q1

2953/63,725

< 10.18

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q2

2394/63,720

10.18–< 19.25

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

Q3

2494/63,720

19.25–< 35.63

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

1.05 (0.99–1.13)

Q4

2632/63,721

35.63–< 65.32

1.13 (1.05–1.21)

1.11 (1.03–1.19)

Q5

2768/63,721

≥ 65.32

1.14 (1.06–1.22)

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

P trend

  

< 0.001

0.001

Q value

   

0.002

Vaccenic acid

Q1/Q2c

5701/130,242

< 0.07

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Q3

2434/60,976

0.07–< 0.08

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

Q4

2646/63,675

0.08–< 2.24

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

1.03 (0.96–1.11)

Q5

2460/63,714

≥ 2.24

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

P trend

  

0.34

0.51

Q value

   

0.51

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. §Stratified by study centre and age (in 1-year categories)
  3. †Stratified by study centre and age (in 1-year categories) and adjusted for total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), body mass index (kg/m2; continuous), height (cm; continuous), alcohol consumption (g/day; continuous), education level (none and primary, technical or professional and secondary, higher education), age at first birth and parity combined (nulliparous, first birth before age 30 years, 1–2 children; first birth before age 30 years, ≥ 3 children; first birth ≥ 30 years), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, perimenopausal, surgical postmenopausal bilateral ovariectomy), and smoking status (never, former, current smoker, unknown)
  4. aTotal industrial trans fatty acids included 18:1n-9 t, 18:2n-6tt
  5. bTotal ruminant trans fatty acids included 16:1n-9 t, 18:1n-7t, conjugated linoleic acid
  6. cQuintiles 1 and 2 merged due to extreme low intake values in these groups
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BMC Medicine

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