Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk in 9 European countries

Table 3 Associations between dietary intake of trans fatty acids and molecular subtypes of breast cancer risk

		ER− and PR−	ER+ and PR+	P_{heterogeneity}
		n = 1259 HR (95% CI)	n = 4830 HR (95% CI)	P_{heterogeneity}
Total industrial trans fatty acids^a	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	0.99 (0.84–1.18)	1.13 (1.04–1.23)
	Q3	1.02 (0.85–1.22)	1.18 (1.07–1.29)
	Q4	1.08 (0.87–1.33)	1.14 (1.02–1.28)
	P trend	0.48	0.009	0.55
Elaidic acid	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	0.99 (0.83–1.17)	1.12 (1.03–1.22)
	Q3	1.01 (0.84–1.21)	1.19 (1.08–1.31)
	Q4	1.08 (0.87–1.34)	1.14 (1.01–1.27)
	P trend	0.49	0.007	0.52
Total ruminant trans fatty acids^b	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.08 (0.89–1.32)	1.02 (0.92–1.13)
	Q3	1.13 (0.92–1.39)	1.01 (0.91–1.12)
	Q4	1.07 (0.85–1.34)	1.11 (0.99–1.25)
	P trend	0.63	0.055	0.64
Palmitelaidic acid	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	0.91 (0.76–1.09)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)
	Q3	1.05 (0.86–1.28)	1.07 (0.96–1.18)
	Q4	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	1.09 (0.98–1.21)
	P trend	0.46	0.07	0.84
Conjugated linoleic acid	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	1.09 (0.90–1.33)	0.99 (0.89–1.09)
	Q3	1.11 (0.90–1.38)	1.01 (0.90–1.12)
	Q4	1.12 (0.89–1.41)	1.10 (0.98–1.24)
	P trend	0.38	0.056	0.90
Vaccenic acid	Q1	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
	Q2	0.98 (0.76–1.26)	1.08 (0.94–1.23)
	Q3	0.90 (0.71–1.14)	1.14 (1.01–1.29)
	Q4	0.92 (0.72–1.17)	1.09 (0.96–1.23)
	P trend	0.39	0.26	0.20

Stratified by study centre and age (in 1-year categories) and adjusted for total energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), body mass index (kg/m²; continuous), height (cm; continuous), alcohol consumption (g/day; continuous), education level (none and primary, technical or professional and secondary, higher education), age at first birth and parity combined (nulliparous, first birth before age 30 years, 1–2 children; first birth before age 30 years, ≥ 3 children; first birth ≥ 30 years), physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal, perimenopausal, surgical postmenopausal bilateral ovariectomy), and smoking status (never, former, current smoker, unknown)
ER− and PR− oestrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative, ER+ and PR+ oestrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^aTotal industrial trans fatty acids included 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6tt
^bTotal ruminant trans fatty acids included 16:1n-9t, 18:1n-7t, conjugated linoleic acid

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