Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study according to butter and margarine consumption
| Â | Butter consumption | Margarine consumption | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Non-consumers | T1 | T2 | T3 | Non-consumers | T1 | T2 | T3 |
Range (g 2000 kcal−1 d−1) | 0 | ≤ 3.1 | 3.2–8.5 | ≥ 8.6 | 0 | ≤5.7 | 5.8–13.7 | ≥13.8 |
n | 303,987 | 72,377 | 72,378 | 72,378 | 134,374 | 128,915 | 128,916 | 128,915 |
Age (y) | 63.0 | 62.2 | 62.5 | 63.1 | 62.5 | 62.3 | 62.8 | 63.6 |
Male (%) | 58.4 | 65.1 | 61.2 | 51.7 | 56.3 | 64.3 | 62.7 | 52.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 | 26.1 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 26.1 | 26.2 | 26.6 | 26.5 |
Race (%) | ||||||||
 White | 92.3 | 89.4 | 91.3 | 92.6 | 91.7 | 89.9 | 92.5 | 93.0 |
 Black | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
 Hispanic | 1.6 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
 Asian | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Married (%) | 69.9 | 68.1 | 67.9 | 63.0 | 65.5 | 69.7 | 71.0 | 67.6 |
Annual household income (USD)a | 47,243 | 51,690 | 50,330 | 49,925 | 50,282 | 50,557 | 48,047 | 46,077 |
College graduate or postgraduate (%) | 37.3 | 47.5 | 39.8 | 36.8 | 40.1 | 44.6 | 38.2 | 33.2 |
Current smoker (%) | 10.8 | 9.1 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 12.1 |
Physical activity, ≥ 5 times/wk (%) | 19.4 | 22.1 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 19.8 | 21.6 | 18.0 | 17.1 |
Heart disease (%) | 15.7 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.3 | 15.7 |
Stroke (%) | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
Cancer (%) | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.7 |
Diabetes (%) | 9.6 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 11.6 |
Fair or poor health (%) | 13.5 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 12.0 | 11.2 | 12.9 | 15.4 |
Currently using multivitamins (%) | 55.8 | 56.6 | 55.2 | 54.8 | 56.1 | 56.4 | 55.0 | 55.2 |
Daily use of aspirin (%) | 16.2 | 14.4 | 13.0 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.8 |
Daily dietary intake | ||||||||
 Total energy (kcal/d) | 1666.6 | 1651.6 | 1759.3 | 1749.3 | 1711.1 | 1649.3 | 1733.4 | 1661.4 |
 Alcohol from alcoholic drinks (g/d) | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
 Total protein (% of energy) | 15.5 | 15.6 | 15.2 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 15.2 |
 Total fat (% of energy) | 29.8 | 26.6 | 31.1 | 35.0 | 31.1 | 26.6 | 30.4 | 32.8 |
 Butter | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 13.7 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 Margarine | 10.4 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 9.3 | 20.6 |
 Corn oil | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 Canola oil | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 Olive oil | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
 Healthy Eating Index score | 70.5 | 70.4 | 66.4 | 61.6 | 65.8 | 70.1 | 68.6 | 70.2 |