| Categories of individual cooking oil/fat consumption |  | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-consumers | T1 | T2 | T3 | P trend | |
Cardiovascular disease mortality | |||||
 Butter | |||||
  Death cases/n | 23,406/303,987 | 4623/72,377 | 5213/72,378 | 5505/72,378 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.80–0.86) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | < 0.001 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | < 0.001 |
 Margarine | |||||
  Death cases/n | 9305/134,374 | 8630/128,915 | 9901/128,916 | 10,911/128,915 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 1.17 (1.14–1.21) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | < 0.001 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | 1.10 (1.06–1.14) | < 0.001 |
 Corn oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 29,443/399,360 | 2830/40,586 | 3068/40,587 | 3406/40,587 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.22 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.78 |
 Canola oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 28,520/376,913 | 3149/48,069 | 3362/48,069 | 3716/48,069 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.70 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.080 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 0.052 |
 Olive oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 27,962/353,766 | 3377/55,784 | 3578/55,785 | 3830/55,785 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 0.002 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mortality | |||||
 Butter | |||||
  Death cases/n | 389/72,377 | 427/72,378 | 537/72,378 | 3512/72,378 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.67–0.83) | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 0.062 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 0.037 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.99 (0.89–1.11) | 1.18 (1.06–1.32) | 0.004 |
 Margarine | |||||
  Death cases/n | 782/134,374 | 732/128,915 | 896/128,916 | 1102/128,915 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 1.16 (1.05–1.27) | 1.44 (1.32–1.58) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 0.091 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 0.047 |
 Corn oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 2670/399,360 | 235/40,586 | 296/40,587 | 311/40,587 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.15 (1.03–1.30) | 0.009 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 0.56 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 0.41 |
 Canola oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 2560/376,913 | 270/48,069 | 325/48,069 | 357/48,069 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 1.09 (0.97–1.21) | 0.14 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) | 0.99 (0.88–1.10) | 0.95 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 0.96 |
 Olive oil | |||||
  Death cases/n | 2635/353,766 | 257/55,784 | 309/55,785 | 311/55,785 |  |
  Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.64 (0.56–0.73) | 0.76 (0.67–0.85) | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | < 0.001 |
  Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 0.022 |
  Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.019 |