Table 3 Summary of reported associations between altered FC patterns in CSVD and cognitive ability. Arrows indicate positive (↗) and negative (↘) associations

General

[47]

–

MMSE ↗ FC between the left thalamus–left orbitofrontal lobe

[38]

–

MMSE ↗ ReHo in the right angular gyrus and precuneus

MoCA ↗ ReHo in the bilateral angular gyrus, the right precuneus, medial/dorsolateral PFC, and supplementary motor area

[39]

–

MMSE ↗ FC right precentral–right calcarine fissure, left posterior inferior parietal lobe–left Heschl, right posterior inferior parietal lobe–right dorsolateral PFC

MMSE ↘ FC right posterior inferior parietal lobe–left Heschl, left intraparietal sulcus–right superior temporal gyrus

MoCA ↗ FC right posterior inferior parietal lobe–right anterior PFC, right posterior inferior parietal lobe–right dorsolateral PFC

MoCA ↘ FC right posterior inferior parietal lobe–left Heschl, left intraparietal sulcus–right superior temporal gyrus

[53]

–

MoCA ↗ small-worldness

[33]

–

MMSE ↘ parieto-occipital FC in patients with confluent WMH

Executive function

[35]

CERAD battery [96]

Phonemic fluency ↗ FC in bilateral sup. parietal lobe, SMA, premotor cortex, MCC, and posterior superior frontal sulcus

RT_{Stroop, neutral} ↘ FC in the bilateral premotor cortex, superior frontal sulcus, left inferior frontal sulcus, left SMA, left middle temporal sulcus, and right MCC

RT_{Stroop, neutral} ↗ FC in the inferior parietal lobe and cerebellar lobules Crus II, VIIb, and VIII

RT_TMT-A ↘ FC in the bilateral premotor cortex, left posterior middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal sulcus, right superior parietal lobe, and left SMA

RT_{Stroop, incongruent} ↘ FC in the left premotor cortex/posterior middle frontal gyrus

RT_{Stroop, incongruent} ↗ FC in the cerebellar regions VI, Crus I, and Crus II

[81]

Letter/category fluency, letter-number sequencing of the WAIS-III, Digit Span Backward of the WAIS revised (WAIS-R), Self-Ordered Pointing task, mod. Flanker task, and TMT A/B

Confirmatory factor analysis [97]

Executive function ↗ FC-SC decoupling in DMN

[36]

Visuospatial/executive sub-score of MoCA

Executive function ↗ FC in the right cingulate motor area

[83]

Stroop test

Time interference index ↗ FC in anterior DMN and SN

[65]

TMT A/B, Stroop test

Latent variables

Association (executive function ↘ WMH) attenuated in patients with high global FC in FPCN

Associations (executive function ↘ WMH) and (memory ↘ WMH attenuated) in patients with high local FC in SN

[51]

TMT-A/B, Stroop test

RT_TMT-A ↘ FC in FPCN in the right inferior parietal lobule

RT_TMT-A ↘ FC between the dorsolateral PFC and DMN between bilateral PCC and right precuneus

[43]

Semantic similarity test

Stroop test

Mean FC ↗ similarity index

Stroop C score ↗ path length, ↘ global efficiency

Memory

[45]

Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT] [98]

Delayed recall ↘ participation coefficient left superior parietal lobule

Recognition ↘ characteristic path length

[65]

AVLT, structural equation modelling

Memory ↗ WML*global FC

[52]

AVLT

FC ↘ long recall between right olfactory–right rectus; ↘ short recall between right olfactory–left pallidum

FC ↗ RT_TMT-A between right olfactory–left pallidum