Associations between attainment of incentivised primary care indicators and incident diabetic retinopathy in England: a population-based historical cohort study

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (with corresponding 95% CIs and p values) for DR and STDR given QOF exposures after 1:1 propensity score matching, as well as adjusted sample sizes after propensity score matching (N) with corresponding outcome events by exposure group

			Outcome events		Unadjusted analyses			Adjusted analyses*
Outcome	Exposure (indicator met)	N	Exposed group	Unexposed group	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Retinopathy	HbA1c	37,182	2575	2897	0.87	0.83–0.92	< 0.0001	0.94	0.89–0.99	0.0300
	Blood pressure	50,426	3291	3721	0.88	0.84–0.92	< 0.0001	0.87	0.83–0.92	< 0.0001
	Cholesterol	30,978	2164	2018	1.01	0.95–1.08	0.6988	1.03	0.97–1.10	0.2918
	All QOF indicators	40,220	2402	2773	0.84	0.80–0.89	< 0.0001	0.86	0.81–0.91	< 0.0001
Sight-threatening retinopathy	HbA1c	37,182	235	370	0.66	0.56–0.78	< 0.0001	0.74	0.62–0.87	0.0002
	Blood pressure	50,426	296	400	0.79	0.68–0.92	0.0022	0.78	0.67–0.91	0.0015
	Cholesterol	30,978	200	224	0.80	0.66–0.97	0.0249	0.82	0.67–0.99	0.0428
	All QOF indicators	40,220	191	249	0.75	0.62–0.90	0.0023	0.77	0.64–0.93	0.0065

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; QOF, Quality Outcomes Framework. *Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, index of multiple deprivation, practice region, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, number of other co-morbid conditions, hospitalisations, duration of diabetes, diabetes complications, number of glucose-lowering therapies, and insulin prescription status

ISSN: 1741-7015