Fig. 1

Flowchart of United Kingdom (UK) Biobank participants. A total of 502,505 participants aged between 40 and 69 at baseline were recruited between 2006 and 2010. a The Venn diagram of the UK Biobank participants who have any hospital inpatient records (82.3%), primary care clinical records (45.8%), giving consent to touchscreen questionnaires for self-reported eye problems/disorders (34.7%), or any records of self-reported non-cancer illness (99.8%). b The flowchart of the UK Biobank participants. In the analysis, glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cases were removed if age at diagnosis information was unavailable. Glaucoma and AMD cases were also removed if cases were prevalent before the baseline recruitment or before the age of sleep apnoea diagnosis (if sleep apnoea developed after baseline visit). The follow-up time was calculated from the time of recruitment (or age of sleep apnoea diagnosed if sleep apnoea developed after recruitment). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep apnoea and incidence risk of glaucoma and AMD. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to remove participants who developed sleep apnoea after the baseline visit