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Table 2 Characteristics of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging cohort by baseline sleep apnoea status

From: Associations of sleep apnoea with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: an analysis in the United Kingdom Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Variable

Sleep apnoea

N = 3609

Non-sleep apnoea

N = 20,464

OR (95% CI)3

Sex

Women

1102 (30.5%)

10,912 (53.3%)

1 [reference]

Men

2507 (69.5%)

9552 (46.7%)

2.60 (2.41–2.80)

Age at recruitment

Mean (SD), years

62.08 ± 9.31

62.69 ± 10.16

0.94 (0.91–0.98) per 10-year increase

Ethnicity

White

2492 (69.0%)

14,970 (73.2%)

1 [reference]

Asian

34 (0.9%)

201 (1.0%)

1.02 (0.69–1.44)

African

18 (0.5%)

110 (0.5%)

0.98 (0.58–1.58)

Others

1065 (29.5%)

5183 (25.3%)

1.23 (1.14–1.33)

Smoking

Current

344 (9.5%)

1608 (7.9%)

1 [reference]

Never

1546 (42.8%)

10,071 (49.2%)

0.72 (0.63–0.82)

Previous

1719 (47.6%)

8785 (42.9%)

0.91 (0.81–1.04)

Social standing1

Mean (SD)

6.18 ± 1.93

6.27 ± 1.80

0.97 (0.95–0.99)

WHR

Mean (SD)

0.95 ± 0.09

0.90 ± 0.10

1.84 (1.77–1.92)

Obesity

No

652 (18.1%)

8065 (39.5%)

1 [reference]

Yes

2946 (81.9%)

12,355 (60.5%)

2.95 (2.70–3.23)

SBP

Mean (SD), mm Hg

129.99 ± 18.60

127.43 ± 19.54

1.07 (1.05–1.09) per 10-mmHg increase

HDL cholesterol

Mean (SD), mmol/L

1.34 ± 0.43

1.53 ± 0.48

0.37 (0.34–0.40)

Total cholesterol

Mean (SD), mmol/L

4.92 ± 1.13

5.19 ± 1.09

0.80 (0.77–0.82)

Presence of diabetes

No

3074 (85.2%)

18,825 (92.0%)

1 [reference]

Yes

535 (14.8%)

1639 (8.0%)

2.00 (1.80–2.22)

Presence of heart disease

No

3048 (84.6%)

18,377 (89.9%)

1 [reference]

Yes

556 (15.4%)

2060 (10.1%)

1.63 (1.47–1.80)

Incident AMD2

No

3268 (97.5%)

18,783 (98.0%)

1 [reference]

Yes

83 (2.5%)

374 (2.0%)

1.28 (1.00–1.61)

Incident glaucoma2

No

3312 (97.3%)

18,876 (98.0%)

1 [reference]

Yes

93 (2.7%)

393 (2.0%)

1.35 (1.07–1.69)

  1. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
  2. 1The self-rated social standing ranges between 1 and 10, where higher rating means better socioeconomic status
  3. 2AMD and glaucoma cases represent incident cases after excluding prevalent cases
  4. 3The ORs were calculated using univariate logistic regression models