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Table 3 Associations of sleep apnoea with the incidence risk of glaucoma and AMD in the UK Biobank

From: Associations of sleep apnoea with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration: an analysis in the United Kingdom Biobank and the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Model1

Glaucoma event

AMD event

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

Model 1

1.68 (1.40–2.02)

< 0.001

1.74 (1.44–2.11)

< 0.001

Model 2

1.54 (1.29–1.85)

< 0.001

1.80 (1.49–2.18)

< 0.001

Model 3

1.49 (1.24–1.79)

< 0.001

1.59 (1.31–1.93)

< 0.001

Model 4

1.51 (1.26–1.82)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.30–1.90)

< 0.001

Model 5

1.33 (1.10–1.60)

0.003

1.39 (1.15–1.68)

< 0.001

  1. AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio
  2. 1Model 1: univariable Cox regression model; model 2: adjusted for sex and age; model 3: included model 2 variables plus Townsend deprivation index, ethnic group, smoking status, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; model 4: included model 3 variables plus systolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; model 5: included model 4 variables plus indicator variables for wearing glasses, having any hospital inpatient records, having any primary care clinical records, and giving consent to touchscreen questionnaires