Fig. 1

Multivariable HRs (95% CI) of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and CVD death according to snus use in participants who reported never smoking cigarettes regularly. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for age (underlying time scale), sex (as a stratification variable), education, alcohol consumption, walking/bicycling, exercise, body mass index, and history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio