Fig. 2

Sex-specific multiple-adjusted hazard ratios for continuous BMI and blood pressure with the risk of dementia. HR, hazard ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index. Modelled with penalised smoothing splines. Splines for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, diabetes status, total cholesterol, socioeconomic status, lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs. Splines for BMI were adjusted for age, smoking status, and socioeconomic status. Reference value for systolic blood pressure was 120.0 mmHg, and for diastolic blood pressure was 80.0 mmHg. The pink dotted line represents the hazard function for women, and the pink shaded area is the 95% confidence intervals for women; the blue line represents the hazard function for men, and the blue shaded area is the 95% confidence intervals for men. Extreme values in the upper and lower 0.1% of the blood pressure distribution were excluded (systolic blood pressure range: 93.0 mmHg to 211.5 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure range: 54.0 mmHg to 118.5 mmHg). Reference value for BMI was 22.5 kg/m². The pink dotted line represents the hazard function for women, and the pink shaded area is the 95% confidence intervals for women; the blue line represents the hazard function for men, and the blue shaded area is the 95% confidence intervals for men. Extreme values in the upper and lower 0.1% of the BMI distribution were excluded (BMI range 17.1 kg/m² to 51.4 kg/m²)