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Table 3 Effect of hand washing intervention on soil-transmitted helminth prevalence, infection intensity and handwashing behaviour at end-line survey in the Mikono Safi trial, Kagera region, Tanzania

From: Hand hygiene intervention to optimise soil-transmitted helminth infection control among primary school children: the Mikono Safi cluster randomised controlled trial in northwestern Tanzania

 

Intervention

(N = 1566)

Control

(N = 1515)

Crude ORa

(95% CI)

aORab

(95% CI)

P value

n(%)

n(%)

Primary outcomeb

 Combined Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura infection

603 (39)

585 (39)

0.99 (0.60–1.63)

1.19 (0.74–1.91)

0.466

Ascaris lumbricoides infection prevalence

242 (15)

259 (17)

0.90 (0.39–2.09)

1.24 (0.59–2.59)

0.547

Trichuris trichiura infection prevalence

479 (31)

464 (31)

0.99 (0.60–1.64)

1.17 (0.73–1.88)

0.501

Secondary outcomesc

 Hookworm infection

11 (1)

13 (1)

-

-

-

 Participants reporting using soap and water during last hand washing occasion

910 (58)

529 (35)

1.68 (1.18–2.39)

1.76 (1.28–2.43)

0.001

Reported location of last handwashing episode

 School

746 (48)

393 (26)

1.84 (1.13–3.00)

1.81 (1.12–2.93)

0.011

 Home/did not remember location/other location

820 (52)

1122 (74)

1.0

1.0

 

 Participants used soap and water during most recent hand washing occasion in school [n/N(%)]

538/746 (72)

154/393 (39)

3.42 (1.27–9.22)

3.7 (1.35–10.15)

0.002

 Participants used soap and water during most recent hand washing occasion at home [n/N(%)]

372/820 (45)

375/1122 (33)

0.97 (0.69–1.37)

1.02 (0.74–1.39)

0.904

  1. aUnless otherwise stated, figures represent odds ratios; badjusted for school baseline prevalence of A. lumbricoides infection, households access to piped water, hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet and soil eating behaviour; cadjusted for school aggregated households’ access to piped water at baseline only