Hand hygiene intervention to optimise soil-transmitted helminth infection control among primary school children: the Mikono Safi cluster randomised controlled trial in northwestern Tanzania

Table 4 Effect of handwashing intervention on hand contamination with soil-transmitted helminths and coliform bacteria in the Mikono Safi trial, Kagera region, Tanzania

	Intervention (N = 336)	Control (N = 336)	OR (95% CI)	P value
	n (%)	n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value
Participants with Ascaris lumbricoides hand contamination	21 (6)	35 (10)	0.84 (0.39–1.81)	0.646
Participants with hookworm hand contamination	3 (1)	7 (2)	0.97 (0.16–5.77)	0.970
Hand contamination with coliforms	154 (46)	171 (51)	0.90 (0.55–1.46)	0.642
Moderate or high^a intensity hand contamination with coliform	61/154 (40)	95/171 (56)	0.67 (0.26–1.73)	0.451
Hand contamination with Escherichia coli	21 (6)	21 (6)	1.07 (0.45–2.55)	0.859
Moderate or high^a intensity hand contamination with Escherichia coli	5/21 (43)	12/21 (86)	0.74 (0.14–3.94)	0.727

^aThe quantification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was categorised into mild (≤9 × 10³CFU/ml), moderate (10–99 × 10³CFU/ml), and high (≥100 × 10³CFU/ml) intensities. Mild intensity infection used as reference for comparison of infection intensity

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