The effects of dietary and lifestyle interventions among pregnant women with overweight or obesity on early childhood outcomes: an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials

Table 4 Maternal anthropometric outcomes

Outcome	Intervention (n=1224)^d	Control (n=1159)^d	Unadjusted estimate (95% CI)	Unadjusted p	τ unadjusted model^c	Adjusted estimate (95% CI)	Adjusted p	τ adjusted model^c
Weight (kg)^a	92.63 (18.78)	91.62 (19.30)	16.13 (−22.71, 54.97)	0.335	36.37	0.70 (−2.95, 4.35)	0.389	0.00
Waist circumference (cm)^a	99.49 (14.31)	99.47 (14.43)	23.86 (−53.94, 101.65)	0.401	48.43	0.82 (−3.36, 5.00)	0.338	0.00*
BMI (kg/m²)^a	33.92 (6.36)	33.65 (6.60)	5.89 (−8.59, 20.38)	0.343	13.57	0.22 (−0.87, 1.32)	0.366	0.00
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a	119.83 (12.06)	120.75 (12.94)	28.91 (−68.27, 126.10)	0.413	60.35	0.55 (−6.95, 8.04)	0.599	0.00*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a	75.22 (9.40)	76.06 (9.95)	17.92 (−43.89, 79.73)	0.424	38.38	−0.13 (−4.51, 4.25)	0.872	0.64
Weight change^b trial entry until follow-up	1.23 (10.23)	0.86 (10.17)	0.86 (−2.51, 4.22)	0.268	0.43	0.52 (−2.47, 3.51)	0.424	0.00*

^aContinuous outcome: descriptives are mean (SD); estimates are difference in means (intervention − control) and 95% confidence interval from a linear mixed model. Adjusted models included maternal BMI, parity (0 vs 1+), age at trial entry and elapsed time between delivery and follow-up
^bContinuous outcome: descriptives and estimates as above. Adjusted models included maternal BMI, parity (0 vs 1+), weight and age at trial entry and elapsed time since delivery
^cEstimated standard deviation of the random intervention effect (assumed ~ N(0, τ²)), indicating heterogeneity of treatment effect. Estimates marked with ‘*’ were extremely unstable with very large standard errors and should therefore be interpreted with caution
^dNumber of women from all studies for whom data on any 3–5-year follow-up outcome was available

ISSN: 1741-7015