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Table 2 Frequency of sequelae or persistent symptomatology (SPS) during the 6 months after hospital discharge in surviving patients (n = 797) stratified by sex

From: Sequelae, persistent symptomatology and outcomes after COVID-19 hospitalization: the ANCOHVID multicentre 6-month follow-up study

Sequelae or persistent symptoms (SPS)

Total

(n = 797)

Men

(n = 428)

Women

(n = 369)

P-value

N (%), x (s)

N (%), x (s)

N (%), x (s)

Any SPS

509 (63.9)

267 (62.4)

242 (65.6)

0.348

Any systemic/general SPS

288 (36.1)

140 (32.7)

148 (40.1)

0.030*

 Persistent fever

56 (7.0)

28 (6.5)

28 (7.6)

0.565

 Fatigue

176 (22.1)

81 (18.9)

95 (25.7)

0.021*

 Muscle weakness

30 (3.8)

20 (4.7)

10 (2.7)

0.147

 Musculoskeletal pain

122 (15.3)

53 (12.4)

69 (18.7)

0.014*

 General malaise

34 (4.3)

18 (4.2)

16 (4.3)

0.928

 Oedema

23 (2.9)

12 (2.8)

11 (3.0)

0.881

 Pressure ulcers

14 (1.8)

6 (1.4)

8 (2.2)

0.412

Any respiratory SPS

335 (42.0)

183 (42.8)

152 (41.2)

0.655

 Dyspnoea

223 (28.0)

128 (29.9)

95 (25.7)

0.192

 Rib pain

36 (4.5)

17 (4.0)

19 (5.1)

0.425

 Thoracic pain

53 (6.6)

28 (6.5)

25 (6.8)

0.895

 Persistent cough

153 (19.2)

77 (20.9)

76 (17.8)

0.266

 Persistent pharyngeal symptoms

67 (8.4)

33 (7.7)

34 (9.2)

0.446

Any neurological SPS

166 (20.8)

84 (19.6)

82 (22.2)

0.368

 ICU-related polyneuropathya

25 (3.1)

16 (3.7)

9 (2.4)

0.294

 Headache

42 (5.3)

14 (3.3)

28 (7.6)

0.007*

 Paraesthesia

27 (3.4)

18 (4.2)

9 (2.4)

0.169

 Movement disturbances

27 (3.4)

13 (3.0)

14 (3.8)

0.556

 Disorientation or confusion

21 (2.6)

11 (2.6)

10 (2.7)

0.902

 Persistent anosmia or dysgeusia

57 (7.2)

30 (7.0)

27 (7.3)

0.987

Any mental health SPS

97 (12.2)

39 (9.1)

58 (15.7)

0.004*

 Depressive symptoms

35 (4.4)

11 (2.6)

24 (6.5)

0.007*

 Anxiety symptoms

54 (6.8)

18 (4.2)

36 (9.8)

0.002*

 Sleep disturbances

39 (4.9)

22 (5.1)

17 (4.6)

0.728

Any haematological SPS

35 (4.4)

15 (3.5)

20 (5.4)

0.188

 Thrombotic manifestations

25 (3.1)

9 (2.1)

16 (4.3)

0.071

Any dermatological SPS

74 (9.3)

34 (7.9)

40 (10.8)

0.160

 Pruritus

20 (2.5)

11 (2.6)

9 (2.4)

0.906

 Alopecia

24 (3.0)

1 (0.2)

23 (6.2)

<0.001*

 Exanthema

25 (3.1)

17 (4.0)

8 (2.2)

0.145

 Eczema

12 (1.5)

8 (1.9)

4 (1.1)

0.364

Any nephrological SPS

36 (4.5)

18 (4.2)

18 (4.9)

0.649

 Renal insufficiency de novo

7 (0.9)

4 (0.9)

3 (0.8)

0.854

Any urological SPS

34 (4.3)

21 (4.9)

13 (3.4)

0.335

Any endocrinological SPS

12 (1.5)

10 (2.3)

2 (0.5)

0.038*

 Glycaemia uncontrol

7 (0.9)

6 (1.4)

1 (0.3)

0.088

Any otorhinolaryngological SPS

25 (3.1)

8 (1.9)

17 (4.6)

0.027*

 Vertigo symptoms

15 (1.9)

3 (0.7)

12 (3.3)

0.008*

 Otoacoustic symptoms

10 (1.3)

4 (0.9)

6 (1.6)

0.382

Ophthalmological SPS

37 (4.6)

16 (3.7)

21 (5.7)

0.191

Digestive symptoms

129 (26.2)

63 (14.7)

66 (17.9)

0.226

 Diarrhoea

82 (10.3)

35 (8.2)

47 (12.7)

0.035*

 Constipation

14 (1.8)

7 (1.6)

7 (1.9)

0.779

 Vomiting

16 (2.0)

3 (0.7)

13 (3.5)

0.005*

 Abdominal pain

43 (5.4)

20 (4.7)

23 (6.2)

0.331

 Anorexia

8 (1.0)

4 (0.9)

4 (1.1)

0.833

Cardiovascular SPS

46 (5.8)

26 (6.1)

20 (5.4)

0.693

 Hypotension or syncope

23 (2.9)

14 (3.3)

9 (2.4)

0.484

 Arrythmia or palpitations

25 (3.1)

13 (3.0)

12 (3.3)

0.862

Superinfection

63 (7.9)

30 (7.0)

33 (8.9)

0.313

 Urinary tract infection

31 (3.9)

15 (3.5)

16 (4.3)

0.545

 Pneumonia

6 (0.8)

4 (0.9)

2 (0.5)

0.691

 Mycosis

11 (1.4)

6 (1.4)

5 (1.4)

0.955

Return to Emergency Services

160 (20.3)

85 (20.0)

75 (20.7)

0.818

Readmission to hospitalb

35 (12.1)

15 (9.9)

20 (14.5)

0.227

Death after discharge

8 (1.0)

3 (0.7)

5 (1.4)

0.356

Total

797 (100)

428 (53.7)

369 (46.3)

  1. ICU intensive care unit. The SPS presented in < 5 patients (prevalence < 0.6%) were not considered in the analyses to avoid saturation of information and facilitate the comprehension of the table. aCurrently, it is preferred to use the term “muscular debility acquired in ICU”. bData referred to the subgroup of patients that returned to Emergency Services (n = 160). *P < 0.05 of chi-squared tests comparing sex and each SPS