Skip to main content

Table 3 Adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ischemic stroke risk and hemorrhagic risk according to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol clinical cutoffs and quartiles in Kailuan I study participants with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 70 mg/dL

From: The risk of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 70 mg/dL

 

Ischemic stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

 LDL-C, mmol/L

≤40

40–55

55–70

≤40

40–55

55–70

 Number

982

2374

5971

982

2374

5971

 Case/person-years

90/8034

110/21,570

188/56,249

42/8341

34/21,846

69/56,725

 Mean LDL-C ± SD, mg/dL

26.7 ± 10.3

49.1 ± 4.05

63.0 ± 4.10

26.7 ± 10.3

49.1 ± 4.05

63.0 ± 4.10

 Multivariate modela

2.07 (1.53, 2.80)

1.43 (1.11, 1.84)

1.00 (reference)

2.70 (1.70, 4.30)

1.16 (0.74, 1.80)

1.00 (reference)

 Excluding eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

2.21 (1.60, 3.07)

1.53 (1.17, 2.00)

1.00 (reference)

2.65 (1.63, 4.30)

1.13 (0.72, 1.77)

1.00 (reference)

 Excluding Framingham risk score > 30%

2.37 (1.57, 3.58)

1.48 (1.04, 2.10)

1.00 (reference)

2.60 (1.39, 4.86)

1.00 (0.53, 1.88)

1.00 (reference)

 Excluding BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

2.09 (1.54, 2.84)

1.45 (1.13, 1.87)

1.00 (reference)

2.69 (1.68, 4.31)

1.19 (0.76, 1.85)

1.00 (reference)

 Excluding blood pressure-lowering drugs

2.01 (1.41, 2.88)

1.40 (1.03, 1.91)

1.00 (reference)

2.56 (1.49, 4.40)

0.92 (0.53, 1.62)

1.00 (reference)

 Excluding glucose-lowering drugs

2.02 (1.48, 2.76)

1.45 (1.12, 1.88)

1.00 (reference)

2.70 (1.68, 4.33)

1.08 (0.69, 1.71)

1.00 (reference)

Quartiles of LDL-C

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Ptrendb

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Ptrend

 Number

2343

2333

2327

2324

 

2343

2333

2327

2324

 

 Case/person-years

153/20,356

108/21,562

72/21,893

55/22,040

 

60/20,800

40/21,824

23/22,088

22/22,199

 

Mean LDL-C ± SD, mg/dL

38.1 ± 12.0

55.3 ± 2.43

62.1 ± 1.59

67.2 ± 1.38

 

38.1 ± 12.0

55.3 ± 2.43

62.1 ± 1.59

67.2 ± 1.38

 

Multivariate modela

2.39 (1.69, 3.39)

2.40 (1.69, 3.41)

1.48 (1.02, 2.16)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.14 (1.24, 3.69)

1.89 (1.08, 3.31)

1.13 (0.61, 2.11)

1.00 (reference)

0.002

Excluding eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

2.76 (1.89, 4.03)

2.68 (1.84, 3.92)

1.61 (1.07, 2.42)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.11 (1.20, 3.72)

1.87 (1.05, 3.32)

1.20 (0.64, 2.25)

1.00 (reference)

0.004

Excluding Framingham risk score > 30%

2.67 (1.63, 4.40)

2.62 (1.59, 4.30)

1.58 (0.93, 2.69)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.34 (1.07, 5.13)

1.99 (0.89, 4.46)

1.53 (0.66, 3.55)

1.00 (reference)

0.032

Excluding BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

2.40 (1.70, 3.41)

2.41 (1.70, 3.42)

1.47 (1.01, 2.15)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.13 (1.23, 3.68)

1.92 (1.10, 3.37)

1.09 (0.58, 2.05)

1.00 (reference)

0.002

Excluding blood pressure-lowering drugs

2.38 (1.56, 3.63)

2.32 (1.51, 3.55)

1.53 (0.97, 2.41)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.01 (1.04, 3.87)

1.68 (0.85, 3.33)

1.05 (0.49, 2.23)

1.00 (reference)

0.013

Excluding glucose-lowering drugs

2.37 (1.65, 3.39)

2.36 (1.64, 3.38)

1.39 (0.94, 2.05)

1.00 (reference)

< 0.001

2.15 (1.23, 3.75)

1.79 (1.00, 3.19)

1.18 (0.63, 2.21)

1.00 (reference)

0.002

  1. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index
  2. aAll models were adjusted for sex (men or women), age (year), physical activity (inactive, moderately active, or vigorously active), smoking and drinking status (never, former, occasional or daily), blood pressure status during follow-up (well-controlled or poorly controlled), blood glucose status during follow-up (well-controlled or poorly controlled), body mass index (kg/m2), urine protein (negative, trace, +, ++, or +++), heart rate (bpm), triglyceride (mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L)
  3. bTest for trend according to the variable containing the median value of each quartile