Fig. 3

Kappa heatmap for the seven criteria across all umbrella reviews. Only statistically significant associations (with P < 0.05 for the random effects summary effect) were included in the Cohen’s kappa analysis. A κ<0.6 (lighter red) represents a weak, 0.6≤κ< 0.8 a moderate (red), and κ≥0.8 (dark red) a strong strength of agreement. Conversely, a κ>−0.6 represents a weak (light blue), −0.8<κ≤−0.6 a moderate (blue), and κ≤−0.8 (dark blue) a strong disagreement. The kappa estimated within each umbrella reviews and combined using random effects meta-analyses are presented eFigure 5 and eFigure 6