Table 1 Countries included in the analysis categorized according to the World Bank income classification for 2016
Low-income countries | Lower-middle-income countries | Upper-middle-income countries | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GNI per capita ≤ $1005 | GNI per capita between $1006 and $3995 | GNI per capita between $3996 and $12,235 | |||||||
Afghanistan | Madagascar | Angola | Honduras | Nicaragua | Vanuatu | Albania | Fiji | North Macedonia | Turkey |
Benin | Malawi | Armenia | India | Nigeria | Vietnam | Argentina | Gabon | Montenegro | St. Vincent and the Grenadines |
Burkina Faso | Mali | Bangladesh | Indonesia | Pakistan | West Bank and Gaza | Azerbaijan | Equatorial Guinea | Mauritius | Venezuela, RB |
Burundi | Mozambique | Bhutan | Jordan | Papua New Guinea | Yemen | Bulgaria | Grenada | Malaysia | Samoa |
Central African Republic | Nepal | Bolivia | Kenya | Philippines | Zambia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Guyana | Namibia | South Africa |
Chad | Niger | Cabo Verde | Kiribati | Sao Tome and Principe | Belarus | Croatia | Panama | Turkey | |
Comoros | Rwanda | Cambodia | Kyrgyzstan | Solomon Islands | Belize | Iran, Islamic Rep. | Peru | ||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Senegal | Cameroon | Laos | Sri Lanka | Brazil | Iraq | Paraguay | ||
Eritrea | Sierra Leone | Congo, Rep. | Lesotho | Sudan | Botswana | Jamaica | Romania | ||
Ethiopia | South Sudan | Cote d'Ivoire | Mauritania | Swaziland | China | Kazakhstan | Russian Federation | ||
The Gambia | Tanzania | Egypt | Micronesia | Tajikistan | Colombia | Lebanon | Serbia | ||
Guinea | Togo | El Salvador | Moldova | Timor-Leste | Costa Rica | Libya | Suriname | ||
Guinea-Bissau | Uganda | Georgia | Mongolia | Tunisia | Dominican Republic | St. Lucia | Thailand | ||
Haiti | Zimbabwe | Ghana | Morocco | Ukraine | Algeria | Maldives | Turkmenistan | ||
Liberia | Guatemala | Myanmar | Uzbekistan | Ecuador | Mexico | Tonga | |||