| Antimalarial treatment | ||
---|---|---|---|
Quinine (n=346) | Artemsinin derivatives (n=156) | P | |
Age, years | 3.7 (1.9) | 3.7 (1.7) | 0.88 |
Sex, no. % female | 142 (41.0) | 61 (39.1) | 0.68 |
Weight-for-age z score | −1.2 (1.1) | −1.0 (1.1) | 0.21 |
Height-for-age z score | −1.2 (1.4) | −1.4 (1.4) | 0.20 |
Duration of fever, history | 3.8 (2.7) | 3.8 (2.2) | 0.96 |
Socioeconomic status score a | 9.4 (3.0) | 9.8 (3.4) | 0.19 |
Home environment z score a | −0.10 (0.98) | 0.12 (1.02) | 0.03 |
Maternal education, No. (%) a | |||
 Primary 6 or lower | 121 (38.2) | 55 (36.9) | 0.25 |
 Primary 7 | 69 (21.8) | 27 (18.1) |  |
 Secondary or higher | 107 (33.8) | 62 (41.6) |  |
 Not known | 20 (6.3) | 5 (3.4) |  |
Paternal education, No. (%) a | |||
 Primary 6 or lower | 61 (19.2) | 35 (23.5) | 0.02 |
 Primary 7 | 50 (15.8) | 25 (16.8) |  |
 Secondary or higher | 130 (41.0) | 72 (48.3) |  |
 Not known | 76 (24.0) | 17 (11.4) |  |
Child any education, No. (%) a | 92 (30.1) | 52 (35.6) | 0.24 |
Severe malaria group, No. (%) | |||
 Cerebral malaria | 186 (53.8) | 83 (53.2) | 0.91 |
 Severe malarial anemia | 160 (46.2) | 73 (46.8) |  |
Deep breathing, No. (%) | 20 (5.8) | 20 (12.8) | 0.007 |
Laboratory characteristics | |||
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 4.8 (3.9, 7.2) | 4.7 (3.6, 6.4) | 0.16 |
 Glucose, mmol/L | 6.3 (4.8, 8.5) | 6.7 (4.8, 8.7) | 0.60 |
 Lactate, mmol/L | 3.8 (2.2, 6.6) | 5.2 (3.1, 8.2) | 0.0001 |
 WBC, x103/μL | 10.2 (7.3, 15.1) | 10.8 (7.9, 15.8) | 0.39 |
 Platelet, x103/μL | 103 (51, 176) | 86 (39, 158) | 0.08 |
 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 762 (608, 1058) | 846 (680, 1153) | 0.004 |
 Parasite density, parasites/uL | 45280 (11400, 209460) | 34485 (9640, 161360) | 0.15 |
 Plasma PfHRP2, ng/mL | 1654 (563, 3638) | 2663 (609, 5671) | 0.006 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.38 (0.30, 0.49) | 0.38 (0.28, 0.52) | 0.79 |
 BUN, mg/dL | 14 (10, 21) | 16 (11, 23) | 0.17 |
Clinical complications and recovery | |||
 Parasite clearance time, days | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.27 |
 Coma durationb, hours | 48 (29, 80) | 56 (41, 85) | 0.10 |
 Seizure number in hospital | 1 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 2) | 0.24 |
 Hypoglycemia, No. (%) | 26 (7.5) | 10 (6.4) | 0.66 |
Co-treatments | |||
 Dextrose bolus, No. (%) | 203 (58.7) | 89 (57.1) | 0.73 |
 Transfusion, No. (%) | 254 (73.4) | 133 (85.3) | 0.003 |
 IV fluids, No. (%) | 52 (15.0) | 26 (16.7) | 0.64 |
 Furosemide, No. (%) | 71 (20.5) | 16 (10.3) | 0.005 |
 Antibiotics, No. (%) | 174 (50.3) | 90 (57.7) | 0.12 |
Enrolled in iron study, No. (%) | 77 (22.3) | 79 (50.6) | <0.001 |
 Immediate iron, No. (%) | 36 (10.4) | 42 (26.9) | 0.42 |
 Delayed iron, No. (%) | 41 (11.9) | 37 (23.7) |  |