Table 2 Results of functional fitness in three physical examinations

Muscle strength test

 30-s arm curl test, n

17.0 (14.0, 20.0)

20.0 (17.0, 23.0)

23.0 (19.0, 26.0)

< 0.001*

 30-s chair stand, n

15.0 (13.0, 17.0)

17.0 (15.0, 19.0)

17.0 (15.0, 20.0)

< 0.001*

Flexibility test

 Back scratch test (left)

0.3 (− 8.0, 3.0)

0.00 (− 8.4, 3.2)

− 1.1 (− 8.0, 2.3)

0.59

 Back scratch test (right)

2.3 (− 2.4, 5.0)

1.7 (− 0.8, 6.0)

2.1 (1.7, 4.7)

0.85

 Modified trunk rotation (°)

34.7 (28.5, 39.6)

44.2 (36.5, 52.0)

42.2 (34.6, 47.4)

< 0.001*

 Chair sit-and-reach test, cm

1.2 (− 4.0, 7.6)

3.0 (− 2.6, 9.3)

2.1 (− 3.8, 7.8)

0.53

Agility/dynamic balance

 Left leg stance with eyes open

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

< 0.001*

 Right leg stance with eyes open

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

60.0 (60.0, 60.0)

< 0.001*

 Left leg stance with eyes closed

6.1 (1.0, 16.0)

11.0 (5.5, 24.2)

13.6 (6.0, 28.7)

< 0.001*

 Right leg stance with eyes closed

8.6 (3.0, 18.1)

14.0 (6.0, 26.0)

13.0 (6.0, 20.0)

< 0.001*

 Functional reach test, cm

27.8 (6.8, 31.2)

27.7 (24.0, 32.5)

29.6 (24.6, 32.3)

< 0.001*