Oral vitamin D supplementation induces transcriptomic changes in rectal mucosa that are linked to anti-tumour effects

Table 3 Genes prioritised from Phase 1 correlative dataset modified by supplementation in NM with evidence of potential biomarker utility in PHASE 2 and BEST-D trial

Gene	Phase 1 NM		Phase 2 NM		Phase 2 Blood		Phase 2 With vs. without response, Blood		BEST D trial Blood		BEST-D trial With vs. without response, Blood
Gene	Coeff.	P value	FC	P value	FC	P value	FC	P value	FC	P value	FC	P value
*SMEK2*	−0.002	0.007	0.93	0.020	0.97	0.272	0.74	0.007	-	-	-	-
*HIPK2*	0.004	0.006	1.17	0.016	1.11	0.068	1.46	0.014	1.07	0.002	1.36	8.47E−12
*PPP1CC*	−0.002	0.007	0.93	0.020	0.91	0.006	0.82	0.047	0.96	0.14	0.61	1.98E−17
*SNX21*	0.004	0.003	1.07	0.047	0.99	0.750	1.26	0.039	1.01	0.27	1.04	0.02
*DDR1*	0.007	0.008	1.14	0.0008	1.03	0.572	0.72	0.040	1.02	0.03	1.04	0.08

NM normal mucosa, FC fold-change. Results from Phase 1 and Phase 2 analysis given. For Phase 1, coefficient given for association with 25-OHD level. For Phase 2, fold-change and P value given for gene expression response to supplementation in NM and in the blood. In final column, blood expression fold-change difference between participants with and without NM response to the candidate gene-set is given

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