Table 1 Province-specific model parameters and data sources
Model parameter | Base case value | Range (min and max) | Distribution | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Population at risk and demographic parameters | ||||
 Under-five mortality rate | Province-level data | Not varied | Beta | GBD study [15] |
 Neonatal mortality rate | Province-level data | Not varied | Not varied | Song et al. 2016 [16] |
 Child population | Province-level data | Not varied | Not varied | China National Bureau of Statistics and China CDC |
Epidemiologic data | ||||
 Incidence of Hib meningitis (per 100,000 children 1–59 months) | Province-level data | Additional file 2: Table S2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
 Incidence of Hib pneumonia (per 100,000 children 1–59 months) | Province-level data | Additional file 2: Table S2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
 Incidence of Hib NPNM (per 100,000 children 1–59 months) | Province-level data | Additional file 2: Table S2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
 Age distribution |  |  |  |  |
  Hib pneumonia | 0–11 months: 75% 12–23 months: 25% 24–59 months: 0% | Not varied | Not varied* | Watt et al. 2009 [3] and authors’ assumption |
  Hib meningitis and Hib NPNM | 0–11 months: 73% 12–23 months: 21% 24–59 months: 6% | Not varied* | Not Varied* | Watt et al. 2009 [3] and authors’ assumption |
 Case fatality ratios | ||||
  Hib pneumonia | Province-level data | Additional file 2: Table S2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
  Hib meningitis | Additional file 2 | Additional file 2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
  Hib NPNM | Additional file 2 | Additional file 2 | Beta | Province-level disease burden model estimates |
  Meningitis neurological sequelae | 0.70% | 0.53–0.88% | Beta | 2018 China Health Statistics Yearbook [17] |
 Meningitis sequelae |  |  |  |  |
  Probability of cognitive disability | 1.60% | 1.0–1.3%†| Beta | Edmond K et al. 2010 [18] |
  Probability of epilepsy | 2.20% | 2.1–3.2%†| Beta | Edmond K et al. 2010 [18] |
  Probability of hemiplegia | 3.20% | 2.2–8.1%†| Beta | Edmond K et al. 2010 [18] |
  Probability of hearing loss | 4.60% | 3.1–8.2%†| Beta | Edmond K et al. 2010 [18] |
  Probability of cochlear implant | 40.00% | 30.0–50.0%†| Beta | Sun B et al. 2015 [19] |
Vaccine efficacy and coverage | ||||
 1-dose efficacy | 60.00% | 0–86.0% | Beta | |
 2-dose efficacy | 94.00% | 69.0–98.0% | Beta | |
 3-dose efficacy | 95.00% | 94.0–98.0% | Beta | |
 4-dose efficacy | 95.00% | 94.0–98.0% | Beta | Assumed by 3-dose efficacy |
 Hib vaccine coverage in the private market | Province-level data | Additional file 4: Table S2 | Triangular | China CDC |
 Hib vaccine coverage in a national immunization program | Region-level data | Additional file 4: Table S3 | Triangular | |
Cost of illness (USD) | ||||
 Cost per inpatient pneumonia case | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | CHIRA, China CDC and 2018 China Statistics Yearbook [22] |
 Cost per inpatient meningitis case | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | CHIRA, China CDC and 2018 China Statistics Yearbook [22] |
 Cost per inpatient NPNM case | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | CHIRA, China CDC and 2018 China Statistics Yearbook [22] |
 Cost per outpatient pneumonia case | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | CHIRA, China CDC and 2018 China Statistics Yearbook [22] |
 Cost per cognitive disability case | 1260 | 945–1575 | Gamma | CHIRA |
 Cost per hearing loss case | 3520 | 2640–4400 | Gamma | CHIRA |
 Cost per epilepsy case | 796 | 597–996 | Gamma | CHIRA |
 Cost per hemiplegia case | 1679 | 1259–2098 | Gamma | CHIRA |
 Cost of cochlear implant per case | 72,459 | 54,344–90,574 | Gamma | Qiu J et al. 2017 [23] |
 Discounted cost of special education (age 6–18) | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | 2018 China Education Statistics Yearbook and 2018 China Education Expenditure Statistics Yearbook [24, 25] |
 Discounted lifetime productivity per capita | Province-level data | Additional file 3: Table S4 | Gamma | 2010 China census data [26] |
Utilities | ||||
 Utility of meningitis | 0.9768 | 0.5970–1 | Beta | Bennett JE et al. 2010 [27] |
 Utility of outpatient pneumonia or NPNM | 0.9963 | 0.9926–1 | Beta | van Hoek AJ et al. 2012 [28] |
 Utility of inpatient pneumonia | 0.9941 | 0.7948–1 | Beta | Bennett JE et al. 2010 [27] |
 Utility of inpatient NPNM | 0.9921 | 0.7825–1 | Beta | Bennett JE et al. 2010 [27] |
 Utility of cognitive disability | 0.62 | 0.51–0.73 | Beta | Oostenbrink R et al 2002 [29] |
 Utility of hearing loss | 0.91 | 0.83–1 | Beta | Oostenbrink R et al 2002 [29] |
 Utility of epilepsy | 0.83 | 0.75–0.91 | Beta | Oostenbrink R et al 2002 [29] |
 Utility of hemiplegia | 0.3903 | 0–1 | Beta | Bennett JE et al. 2010 [27] |
Immunization costs (USD) | ||||
 Vaccine price per dose | 11.62 | 9.12–14.82 | Gamma | China CDC |
 Cost of immunization delivery per dose | Province-level data | Additional file 4: Table S4 | Gamma | China CDC [30] |
 Incidence of Hib vaccine severe adverse events (per 100,000 doses) | 0.18 | 0–36.32 | Beta | Li K et al. 2020 [31] |
 Cost of adverse events per case | 903 | 677–1129 | Gamma | 2018 China Health Statistics Yearbook [32] |
 Wastage rate | 5.00% | 0.0–10.0% | Beta | Authors’ assumption |