Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Sampson, Michael; Clark, Allan; Bachmann, Max; Garner, Nikki; Irvine, Lisa; Howe, Amanda; Greaves, Colin; Auckland, Sara; Smith, Jane; Turner, Jeremy; Rea, Dave; Rayman, Gerry; Dhatariya, Ketan; John, W. Garry; Barton, Garry; Usher, Rebecca; Ferns, Clare; Pascale, Melanie

doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02053-x

Table 6 Adjusted differences between groups at 24 months

From: Effects of the Norfolk diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention (NDPS) on glycaemic control in screen-detected type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Analysis	INT-DPM vs INT	p	INT vs CONTROL	p	INT-DPM vs CONTROL	p	Combined intervention vs CONTROL	p
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	0.11 (−2.46, 2.67)	0.93	−1.29 (−3.77, 1.19)	0.31	−1.18 (−3.8, 1.5)	0.38	−1.24 (−3.35, 0.87)	0.25
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	−0.09 (−0.5, 0.32)	0.66	0.01 (−0.38, 0.41)	0.95	−0.06 (−0.5, 0.4)	0.78	−0.03 (−0.36, 0.31)	0.87
Weight (kg)	−0.46 (−2.43, 1.51)	0.39	−1.51 (−4.97, 1.94)	0.39	−1.93 (−5.6, 1.7)	0.30	−1.7 (−4.34, 0.94)	0.2
Body mass index (kg/m²)	−0.17 (−0.87, 0.54)	0.46	−0.47 (−1.72, 0.79)	0.46	−0.63 (−1.96, 0.7)	0.35	−0.54 (−1.5, 0.41)	0.26
Body fat (%)^a	−0.29 (−1.65, 1.07)	0.67	1.46 (−0.02, 2.94)	0.05	1.14 (−0.32, 2.59)	0.13	1.3 (0.1, 2.49)	0.03
Body fat mass (kg)^a	−0.62 (−2.36, 1.12)	0.48	0.98 (−0.95, 2.92)	0.32	0.37 (−1.58, 2.33)	0.71	0.69 (−0.87, 2.26)	0.38
Visceral fat score^a	0.16 (−0.5, 0.82)	0.63	−0.27 (−0.99, 0.45)	0.45	−0.36 (−1.15, 0.43)	0.37	−0.06 (−0.66, 054)	0.84
Waist (cm)	0.41 (−2.76, 1.93)	0.73	−0.05 (−1.91, 1.81)	0.87	−0.28 (−2.6, 2.1)	0.81	−0.05 (−1.91, 1.81)	0.96
Physical activity: MET min/week^b	−698 (−2079, 683)	0.32	482 (−718, 1681)	0.43	−223 (−1433, 987)	0.71	198 (−823, 1220)	0.70
Physical activity: resistance days/wk^b	1.03 (0.32, 3.31)	0.96	2.06 (0.71, 5.99)	0.18	1.71 (0.59, 4.94)	0.32	1.90 (0.79, 4.59)	0.15
Physical activity: min sitting/wk^b	−115 (−220, −11)	0.03	18.5 (−91.9, 129)	0.74	−94.6 (−200, 11)	0.08	−27.7 (−115, 60)	0.53
Fat scale score^c	0.04 (−0.11, 0.18)	0.6	0.11 (−0.02, 0.23)	0.09	0.15 (0.02, 0.27)	0.02	0.12 (0.02, 0.23)	0.02
Fibre scale score^c	0.02 (−0.1, 0.15)	0.7	0.07 (−0.08, 0.21)	0.36	0.09 (−0.07, 0.25)	0.26	0.08 (−0.04, 0.19)	0.19
General well-being score WBQ-12^d	−0.91 (−2.91, 1.09)	0.37	1.09 (−0.69, 2.88)	0.23	0.48 (−1.41, 2.37)	0.62	0.76 (−0.76, 2.27)	0.33
EQ-5D^d	−0.08 (−0.5, 0.33)	0.69	−0.07 (−0.43, 0.29)	0.7	−0.14 (−0.5, 0.22)	0.44	−0.1 (−0.4, 0.19)	0.5
ADDqol^d	0 (−0.07, 0.08)	0.97	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.05)	0.72	0 (−0.07, 0.07)	0.99	0 (−0.06, 0.05)	0.89
HOMA–B (%)^e	−3.05 (−14.5, 8.5)	0.6	2.8 (−7.04, 12.6)	0.57	1.41 (−7.47, 10.29)	0.75	2.32 (−6.02, 10.66)	0.58
HOMA–S (%)^e	−5.3 (−19.6, 8.9)	0.46	0.95 (−15.6, 13.7)	0.90	−5.88 (−20.9, 9.2)	0.44	−3.12 (−15.3, 9.05)	0.61

Data adjusted for baseline value for each variable and shown as change in mean and 95% CI. ^aFat mass (kg and %) by Tanita body composition analyser. ^bPhysical activity scales derived from international physical activity questionnaire IPAQ. ^cDietary fat and fibre scores based on self-reported Diet Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ)—higher fat scale scores indicate lower fat intake. ^d Well-being score (WBQ-12) questionnaire, health-related quality of life score (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and ADDQoL. ^eHomeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of baseline insulin sensitivity (S) and beta cell function (B)

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