Table 1 Characteristics of analysed primary studies per pre-existing condition

Circulatory diseases

Arrhythmia

Hospitalisation; case mortality; hospital mortality; intubation

13 [35, 39, 42, 54, 57, 70, 78, 90, 96, 97, 114, 124, 133]

9

7 [198, 210, 233, 240, 245, 262, 272]

Italy; UK; Denmark; Spain; USA; China

322–11,122

moderate - high

Circulatory diseases

Cardiovascular disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

57 [3, 4, 6, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26,27,28,29, 31, 34, 35, 37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 46, 48, 53, 54, 57,58,59,60, 64, 66, 68,69,70, 74, 76, 78, 88, 90,91,92, 95,96,97, 103, 105, 111, 114, 116, 117, 120, 122, 124, 126, 127, 132, 133]

21

32 [135, 139, 140, 156, 157, 159, 160, 175, 182, 187, 190, 196, 199, 203, 216, 218, 220, 228, 235, 238, 241, 242, 245, 255, 256, 262, 264,265,266, 274, 276, 290]

Iran; France; Spain; Italy; Israel; USA; Brazil; Mexico; China; Korea

103–89,756

low - high

Circulatory diseases

Coronary artery disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; ICU admission; intubation

70 [4, 5, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27,28,29, 31, 34, 35, 38,39,40,41,42, 47, 48, 50,51,52, 54, 55, 57,58,59,60, 63,64,65,66, 68, 70, 74, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83,84,85, 87,88,89,90,91, 94,95,96,97, 102,103,104,105, 111, 114, 116, 117, 120, 122, 124,125,126, 129,130,131,132,133]

17

26 [63, 138, 153, 157, 158, 161, 163, 176, 186, 193, 198, 205, 207, 210, 213, 230, 233, 234, 240, 245, 252, 267, 272, 283, 290, 291]

UK; Italy; Europe; Denmark; USA; China; Korea

112–11,210

low - high

Circulatory diseases

Heart disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

17 [21, 24, 31, 37, 38, 42, 54, 57, 64, 74, 78, 81, 93, 104, 114, 120, 122]

7

6 [149, 170, 192, 200, 254, 275]

Spain; UK; USA; China

103–15,194

low - high

Circulatory diseases

Heart failure

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

29 [4, 5, 21, 25, 28, 29, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 54, 57, 58, 64, 68, 70, 78, 81, 90, 96, 97, 111, 114, 117, 120, 124, 126, 133]

15

22 [138, 139, 162, 169, 173, 177, 191, 198, 205, 213, 230, 233, 234, 240, 245, 248, 251, 252, 267, 271, 272, 283]

Italy; UK; Denmark; USA; China

191–31,461

low - high

Circulatory diseases

Hypertension

ICU admission; hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

71 [3,4,5,6, 18, 19, 21, 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31, 33,34,35, 37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 53,54,55, 57,58,59, 62,63,64,65,66, 68,69,70, 72, 74, 78, 81, 88, 90,91,92,93, 95,96,97, 99, 103,104,105, 107, 111, 114, 117, 120, 122,123,124, 127, 128, 132, 133]

37

71 [134, 137,138,139, 143, 145, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158,159,160, 163, 164, 167,168,169, 173,174,175,176,177, 182, 192,193,194, 198,199,200, 203, 205, 207, 210, 213, 216, 219,220,221, 226,227,228, 233,234,235, 239,240,241,242, 245, 246, 248, 251, 252, 255, 258, 262, 265, 267, 268, 271, 272, 274, 275, 278, 281, 284, 287, 290]

Kuwait; Spain; UK; Italy; Europe; Denmark; Israel; Switzerland; France; USA; Mexico; Bolivia; China; Korea; South Africa

103–89,756

low - high

Circulatory diseases

Infarction

Hospital mortality; case mortality

4 [37, 57, 68, 97]

4

4 [169, 177, 191, 271]

Italy; USA; China

2877 – 31,461

moderate - high

Circulatory diseases

Peripheral vascular disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation; case mortality

4 [37, 54, 97, 133]

5

3 [191, 271, 272]

USA

2015 – 31,461

moderate - moderate

Circulatory diseases

Venous thromboembolism

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation

9 [29, 39, 54, 70, 78, 97, 114, 120, 133]

4

3 [233, 235, 272]

UK; USA

238–3703

low - moderate

Immunodeficiency

Autoimmune condition

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality

4 [54, 78, 90, 97]

7

4 [149, 187, 228, 262]

Spain; USA

322–9437

moderate - high

Immunodeficiency

HIV

Hospital mortality; ICU admission; case mortality; intubation

17 [5, 28, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 62, 64, 70, 90, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124]

10

8 [138, 148, 180, 191, 199, 229, 233, 257]

UK; USA; South Africa

251–47,539

low - high

Immunodeficiency

Inflammatory bowel disease

Hospital mortality; intubation; hospitalisation

14 [5, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 90, 92, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124]

3

2 [138, 261]

USA

464–841

moderate - moderate

Immunodeficiency

Immunosuppression

Hospital mortality; intubation; hospitalisation; ICU admission; case mortality

19 [5, 28, 29, 35, 38, 39, 42, 44, 57, 64, 68, 78, 90, 95,96,97, 111, 120, 124]

12

12 [138, 140, 142, 147, 152, 158, 182, 203, 226, 252, 265, 271]

Italy; USA; Brazil; Mexico

302–89,756

moderate - high

Immunodeficiency

Organ transplant recipients

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

13 [5, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 78, 90, 96, 97, 111, 120, 124]

6

3 [138, 240, 271]

Denmark; USA

841–11,122

moderate - high

Immunodeficiency

Rheumatological disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

15 [5, 28, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 78, 90, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124]

8

5 [138, 166, 191, 203, 240]

Denmark; USA

156–31,461

moderate - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Chronic kidney disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; ICU admission; intubation

37 [4,5,6, 19, 21, 25, 28, 29, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 44, 46, 54, 55, 57, 58, 62, 64, 68, 70, 78, 81, 90, 95,96,97, 104, 111, 114, 117, 120, 124, 126, 133]

30

55 [137, 138, 140, 142, 148, 149, 152, 153, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 169, 170, 176, 177, 182, 186, 187, 190, 191, 193, 198, 199, 203, 205, 207, 218, 219, 226, 228, 230, 233,234,235, 240,241,242, 245, 246, 248, 251, 252, 256, 262, 264,265,266,267, 271,272,273, 283, 290]

Spain; UK; Italy; Europe; Denmark; USA; Brazil; Mexico; China; Korea; South Africa

112–89,756

low - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Chronic liver disease

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

16 [21, 24, 25, 37, 42, 57, 64, 78, 81, 90, 97, 104, 114, 117, 120, 124]

15

13 [140, 170, 187, 191, 192, 199, 228, 240, 251, 252, 260, 262, 290]

UK; Denmark; Spain; USA; Brazil; China

322–31,461

low - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Chronic liver disease/Cirrhosis

Hospital mortality; intubation

17 [5, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 57, 64, 70, 90, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124, 133]

6

5 [138, 143, 192, 233, 248]

Spain; UK; USA

242–4035

moderate - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Chronic liver disease /Non-cirrhotic

Hospital mortality

4 [70, 97, 114, 120]

2

2 [192, 233]

UK; USA

363–614

moderate - moderate

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Diabetes

ICU admission; hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

69 [3,4,5,6, 18, 19, 21, 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31, 33,34,35, 37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 53,54,55, 57,58,59, 62,63,64, 68,69,70, 72, 78, 81, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95,96,97, 99, 103,104,105, 107, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 124, 126,127,128, 132, 133]

38

80 [134, 135, 138,139,140, 142, 145, 148,149,150, 152, 153, 158,159,160, 163, 164, 167,168,169,170, 173, 175, 176, 182, 187, 191,192,193, 195, 196, 198,199,200, 202,203,204,205, 207, 210, 216, 218,219,220,221, 225,226,227,228, 230, 233,234,235, 238, 240,241,242, 245, 246, 248, 251, 252, 255, 256, 258, 262,263,264,265,266,267, 271, 272, 280, 283, 284, 289, 290, 292]

Kuwait; Iran; France; Spain; UK; Italy; Europe; Denmark; Israel; USA; Brazil; Mexico; China; Korea; South Africa

92–89,756

low - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

32 [4,5,6, 21, 25, 27,28,29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 54, 63, 64, 68, 70, 78, 81, 90, 93, 96, 97, 99, 111, 114, 120, 124, 126, 132, 133]

12

12 [149, 192, 205, 218, 230, 234, 235, 245, 258, 262, 263, 271]

Spain; Italy; France; USA

124–9437

low - high

Liver & Metabolic diseases

Hepatitis

Hospital mortality; intubation

13 [5, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 55, 90, 96, 97, 111, 120, 124]

3

2 [138, 219]

USA; China

841–2665

moderate - moderate

Neurological diseases & Mental health

Cerebrovascular/Stroke

Hospital mortality; ICU admission; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

44 [4,5,6, 19, 24, 27,28,29, 31, 34, 35, 37,38,39,40,41,42, 44, 48, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 76, 78, 88, 90, 91, 95,96,97, 105, 111, 114, 116, 117, 120, 124, 133]

17

20 [138, 145, 155, 156, 186, 191, 196, 207, 210, 213, 219, 233, 235, 240, 246, 256, 262, 271, 272, 276]

Italy; UK; Denmark; Spain; USA; China; Korea

103–31,461

low - high

Neurological diseases & Mental health

Dementia

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

22 [21, 29, 35, 37, 39, 42, 54, 57, 64, 68, 70, 78, 81, 90, 96, 97, 104, 114, 117, 120, 124, 133]

12

14 [143, 146, 149, 150, 170, 191, 196, 199, 220, 233, 240, 245, 262, 272]

Spain; UK; Italy; Denmark; Israel; USA; Korea

92–31,461

low - high

Neurological diseases & Mental health

Depression

Hospitalisation

4 [78, 90, 97, 114]

2

3 [139, 220, 262]

Israel; Spain; USA

322–1052

low - moderate

Neurological diseases & Mental health

Neurological disease

Hospital mortality; ICU admission; case mortality

15 [21, 37, 39, 42, 57, 64, 68, 78, 81, 97, 104, 114, 120, 126, 133]

5

5 [140, 143, 170, 203, 266]

Spain; UK; USA; Brazil

2070–15,194

moderate - high

Neurological diseases & Mental health

Psychiatric disorder

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality

2 [78, 124]

3

2 [220, 240]

Denmark; Israel

782–11,122

high - high

Oncological diseases

Cancer

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

38 [4,5,6, 19, 21, 24, 28,29,30, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57, 58, 64, 68, 70, 72, 78, 81, 90, 96, 97, 104, 107, 111, 114, 117, 120, 123, 124, 126, 128, 133]

19

30 [139, 149, 156, 167, 169, 170, 187, 191, 198, 199, 205, 207, 210, 211, 218, 219, 221, 225, 228, 234, 235, 240, 245, 252, 256, 262, 267, 271, 272, 283, 290]

Spain; Italy; UK; Denmark; USA; China; Korea

238–31,461

low - high

Oncological diseases

Cancer/Active

Hospital mortality; ICU admission; intubation

18 [5, 25, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 57, 64, 78, 90, 96, 97, 104, 111, 120, 124, 133]

8

6 [138, 141, 143, 161, 176, 251]

Spain; Italy; UK; USA

407–4035

moderate - high

Oncological diseases

Cancer/ Haematological

Hospital mortality

5 [70, 97, 108, 114, 123]

2

3 [233, 249, 253]

UK; Spain

92–1183

low - high

Oncological diseases

Cancer/Solid

Hospital mortality; case mortality

4 [37, 70, 97, 114]

2

2 [191, 233]

UK; USA

614–31,461

moderate - high

Overweight, obesity, underweight

Obesity/BMI > 30

ICU admission; hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

39 [4,5,6, 21, 25, 27,28,29, 31, 33, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 44, 54, 57, 63, 64, 68, 70, 78, 81, 90, 93, 95,96,97, 99, 104, 111, 114, 117, 120, 124, 126, 132, 133]

27

53 [134, 137, 140,141,142,143, 149, 152, 154, 158, 163, 164, 168,169,170, 173, 181, 182, 184, 187, 192, 195, 198,199,200, 202, 203, 205, 213, 216, 218, 220, 226,227,228, 230, 234, 235, 237, 240, 245, 246, 251, 252, 258, 259, 262, 264,265,266, 271, 272, 283]

Kuwait; Spain; Italy; UK; France; Denmark; Israel; USA; Brazil; Mexico

103–89,756

low - high

Overweight, obesity, underweight

Obesity/BMI > 40

ICU admission; hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation; case mortality

19 [5, 21, 28, 29, 35, 39, 57, 58, 64, 68, 78, 81, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124, 126]

7

8 [134, 184, 195, 205, 234, 252, 267, 271]

Kuwait; USA

463–6916

high - high

Overweight, obesity, underweight

Overweight

ICU admission; intubation; hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality

25 [5, 6, 21, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 54, 63, 78, 81, 93, 96, 97, 99, 114, 120, 124, 126, 132, 133]

11

11 [134, 184, 187, 200, 227, 228, 234, 251, 258, 271, 272]

Kuwait; France; USA

103–6916

low - high

Overweight, obesity, underweight

Underweight

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation; case mortality

12 [4, 21, 25, 28, 29, 37, 70, 78, 81, 97, 114, 120]

7

6 [184, 187, 199, 228, 230, 271]

USA

200–6916

low - moderate

Respiratory diseases

Asthma

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation; case mortality

19 [19, 29, 39, 42,43,44, 54, 57, 64, 70, 78, 90, 95, 97, 111, 114, 120, 126, 133]

12

16 [139, 140, 158, 182, 212, 218, 226, 228, 233, 252, 262, 265, 271,272,273, 283]

UK; Spain; USA; Brazil; Mexico

322–89,756

low - high

Respiratory diseases

COPD

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation; ICU admission

54 [4, 6, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27,28,29,30,31, 34, 35, 38,39,40,41,42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 81, 88, 90, 91, 95,96,97, 105, 107, 111, 114, 116, 117, 120, 123, 124, 126, 128, 133]

21

34 [137, 139, 142, 148, 149, 152, 156, 158, 160, 167, 182, 186, 207, 213, 218, 219, 226, 228, 230, 233, 239, 241, 245, 252, 256, 257, 262, 263, 265, 272, 276, 283, 288, 290]

Spain; Italy; UK; Switzerland; USA; Mexico; China; Korea

145–89,756

low - high

Respiratory diseases

COPD or Asthma

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; intubation; ICU admission

17 [5, 21, 25, 29, 35, 38, 39, 64, 78, 81, 96, 97, 111, 114, 120, 124, 126]

5

5 [173, 198, 234, 248, 251]

USA

214–5279

moderate - moderate

Respiratory diseases

Interstitial lung disease

Hospital mortality

1 [97]

1

1 [228]

USA

5776

high - high

Respiratory diseases

Obstructive sleep apnea

Intubation; hospitalisation

11 [4, 21, 25, 28, 29, 70, 78, 81, 95, 111, 114]

2

2 [158, 230]

USA

200–1526

moderate - high

Respiratory diseases

Respiratory disease

Hospital mortality; ICU admission; hospitalisation; case mortality; intubation

33 [4, 5, 21, 28, 29, 31, 35, 37,38,39, 41, 42, 54, 57, 62, 64, 66, 68, 78, 81, 90, 93, 96, 97, 104, 111, 114, 117, 120, 124, 126, 133]

24

26 [138, 140, 142, 145, 148, 150, 169, 170, 176, 187, 191, 192, 196, 199, 200, 203, 216, 220, 235, 240, 242, 255, 264, 266, 268, 271]

Italy; UK; Spain; Denmark; Israel; USA; Brazil; Mexico; China; Korea; South Africa

92–51,633

low - high

Respiratory diseases

Tuberculosis

Hospital mortality; hospitalisation; case mortality

4 [55, 62, 68, 100]

6

3 [148, 219, 269]

China; Philippines; South Africa

330–22,308

moderate - high