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Table 2 Ratio of means with 95% CIs of PANSS total scores compared between the four sources of data (individual participant data, clinical study report, journal publication and registry report)

From: Benefits and harms of Risperidone and Paliperidone for treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis involving individual participant data and clinical study reports

Treatment

IPD vs. CSR

IPD vs. journal publication

IPD vs. registry report

CSR vs. journal publication

CSR vs. registry report

Journal publication vs. registry report

Risperidone

0.87 (− 0.37, 1.48)

0.21 (− 0.05, 0.68)

NA

0.38 (− 0.07, 0.81)

NA

NA

Paliperidone

0.29 (− 0.02, 0.60)

0.11 (− 0.17, 0.87)

0.49 (− 0.66, 1.24)

0.49 (− 0.39, 1.37)

0 (− 0.99, 0.99)

− 0.49 (− 1.75, 0.78)

Paliperidone palmitate

0.11 (− 0.13, 0.29)

0.08 (− 0.17, 0.33)

0.21 (− 0.53, 0.95)

0 (− 0.23, 0.23)

0.13 (− 0.22, 0.48)

0.13 (− 0.25, 0.51)

  1. IPD individual participant data, CSR clinical study report, NA not applicable